Evaluation of a conducting interpenetrating network based on gum ghatti-g-poly(acrylic acid-aniline) as a colon-specific delivery system for amoxicillin trihydrate and paracetamol

Abstract

The objective of the present investigation was to develop colon-specific drug delivery systems for amoxicillin trihydrate and paracetamol using Gum ghatti (Gg) based cross-linked hydrogels. An interpenetrating network (IPN) of electrically active hydrogel based on Gg, poly(acrylic acid) (AA) and polyaniline was synthesized by a two-step aqueous polymerization. The radical copolymerization of Gg and AA was done using N,N 0 -methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) and ammonium persulphate (APS) as a crosslinker-initiator system. Optimum operating conditions for maximizing the percentage swelling were solvent (ml) = 10, AA (mol L À1 ) = 0.291 Â 10 À3 , APS (mol L À1 ) = 0.219 Â 10 À1 , MBA (mol L À1 ) = 0.324 Â 10 À1 , reaction time (min) = 180, temperature (1C) = 60 and pH = 7.0. The synthesized semi-IPN matrix was further grafted with aniline through oxidative-radical copolymerization using APS in acidic media. The resultant cross-linked hydrogels were characterized using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ToF-SIMS and electrical conductivity. The maximum conductivity was found to be 2.5 Â 10 À6 S cm À1 at 1.5 N HCl concentration. The synthesized hydrogels were loaded with amoxicillin trihydrate and paracetamol as model drugs to investigate the release behaviour. Amoxicillin trihydrate follows the surface phenomena and weak bonding interaction whereas paracetamol exhibited chemical interaction with the hydrogel matrices. The release rate of both the drugs through the synthesized hydrogel matrices was found to show Fickian behaviour at each pH. The hydrogel networks showed lower release in acidic and neutral media than in basic media, making them particularly suitable carriers for colon-specific drug delivery.

Tree gum-based renewable materials: Sustainable applications in nanotechnology, biomedical and environmental fields

“…Microbial fermentation in the large intestine could assist in the delivery of drugs by physical and diffusion blockade (Khan et al, 1999;Tuovinen et al, 2002). An interpenetrating network (IPN) system of GG cross-linked with poly (acrylic acid), and polyaniline has been fabricated via radical polymerization using N, N 1 -methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) (crosslinker) and ammonium persulfate (initiator) (K. Sharma et al, 2015a). Amoxicillin trihydrate and paracetamol were incorporated and their controlled drug release potential was evaluated in the colon, and various functional groups, i.e.…”

“…Anogeissus latifolia Thickener, stabilizer, emulsifier (Deshmukh et al, 2012;Williams et al, 2011) -electrically conductive biomaterials interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel (Sharma et al, 2015b) electrically conductive hydrogel (Kashma Sharma et al, 2014) -colon-specific drug delivery systems based cross-linked hydrogels (Sharma et al, 2015a) remediation of industrial wastewater polluted by metal ions (Hemant Mittal et al, 2015b) Gum karaya (GK)…”

Novel pH-sensitive gum ghatti-cl-poly(acrylic acid) composite hydrogel based on graphene oxide for metformin hydrochloride and sodium diclofenac combined drug-delivery systems

“…65 Thus, it can be said that the synthesized hydrogels can potentially be used in the fabrication of controlled drug-delivery devices, where quick release of the drug is desired initially and sustained release thereafter. 26 Fig. 4 shows the metformin hydrochloride release profile of the hydrogels at three different pH conditions: 1.2, and 7.4, 9.2.…”

Cross-linking of highly methoxylated pectin with copper: the specific anion influence

“…Natural polymers are very interesting materials for the removal of transition and heavy metals from wastewater with significant advantages such as low-cost, availability, profitability, the ease of use and good efficiency. [1][2][3] Pectins are complex polysaccharides extracted from plant cell walls, characterized by a backbone of a-(1-4) linked galacturonic acid residues, which are partly methylesterified. 4 Native pectins are highly methoxylated (HM) (450% esterified), while low methoxylated (LM) pectins (o50% esterified) are generally obtained by the controlled acid de-esterification of HM pectins.…”