Evaluation of a Desktop 3D Printed Rigid Refractive-Indexed-Matched Flow Phantom for PIV Measurements on Cerebral Aneurysms

Ho, Wei Hua; Ngoepe, Malebogo; Jermy, Mark; Geoghegan, Patrick

doi:10.1007/s13239-019-00444-z

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Once printed, the phantom was cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, placed in the sun, sanded, and then sprayed with a clear lacquer-based spray paint. More specific details relating to phantom preparation can be found in Ho et al 34 The phantom included a screw mechanism at the thrombin inlet to provide a seal that prevents leaking during experimentation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thrombin–Fibrinogen In Vitro Flow Model of Thrombus Growth in Cerebral Aneurysms

Ngoepe

Pretorius

Shaikh

et al. 2021

TH Open

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Cerebral aneurysms are balloon-like structures that develop on weakened areas of cerebral artery walls, with a significant risk of rupture. Thrombi formation is closely associated with cerebral aneurysms and has been observed both before and after intervention, leading to a wide variability of outcomes in patients with the condition. The attempt to manage the outcomes has led to the development of various computational models of cerebral aneurysm thrombosis. In the current study, we developed a simplified thrombin–fibrinogen flow system, based on commercially available purified human-derived plasma proteins, which enables thrombus growth and tracking in an idealized cerebral aneurysm geometry. A three-dimensional printed geometry of an idealized cerebral aneurysm and parent vessel configuration was developed. An unexpected outcome was that this phantom-based flow model allowed us to track clot growth over a period of time, by using optical imaging to record the progression of the growing clot into the flow field. Image processing techniques were subsequently used to extract important quantitative metrics from the imaging dataset, such as end point intracranial thrombus volume. The model clearly demonstrates that clot formation, in cerebral aneurysms, is a complex interplay between mechanics and biochemistry. This system is beneficial for verifying computational models of cerebral aneurysm thrombosis, particularly those focusing on initial angiographic occlusion outcomes, and will also assist manufacturers in optimizing interventional device designs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thrombin–Fibrinogen In Vitro Flow Model of Thrombus Growth in Cerebral Aneurysms

Ngoepe

Pretorius

Shaikh

et al. 2021

TH Open

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“…A symmetrical idealized geometry, based on that developed in the work of Mulder et al, is employed [25]. The symmetrical idealized cerebral aneurysm geometry was recreated using ANSYS DesignModeler and ANSYS Spaceclaim (ANSYS, Lebanon, PA, USA).…”

Section: Idealised Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This geometry was then post-processed to improve clarity. Details of the entire process are presented in [25].…”

Section: Experimental Study 221 Symmetrical Idealised Phantommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ammonium thiocyanate (NH 4 SCN) was prepared as an aqueous solution, undergoing an endothermic reaction during dissolution. The motivation behind the use of ammonium thiocyanate as a working fluid was its refractive index (RI) range (1.33-1.5 [26]), which enabled RI matching with the printed phantom (RI = 1.507 ± 0.003 [25]). RI matching minimizes the effect of optical distortion on the PIV results and analysis.…”

Section: Working Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Pulsatility on the Transport of Thrombin in an Idealized Cerebral Aneurysm Geometry

et al. 2022

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Computational models of cerebral aneurysm thrombosis are designed for use in research and clinical applications. A steady flow assumption is applied in many of these models. To explore the accuracy of this assumption a pulsatile-flow thrombin-transport computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, which uses a symmetrical idealized aneurysm geometry, was developed. First, a steady-flow computational model was developed and validated using data from an in vitro experiment, based on particle image velocimetry (PIV). The experimental data revealed an asymmetric flow pattern in the aneurysm. The validated computational model was subsequently altered to incorporate pulsatility, by applying a data-derived flow function at the inlet boundary. For both the steady and pulsatile computational models, a scalar function simulating thrombin generation was applied at the aneurysm wall. To determine the influence of pulsatility on thrombin transport, the outputs of the steady model were compared to the outputs of the pulsatile model. The comparison revealed that in the pulsatile case, an average of 10.2% less thrombin accumulates within the aneurysm than the steady case for any given time, due to periodic losses of a significant amount of thrombin-concentrated blood from the aneurysm into the parent vessel’s bloodstream. These findings demonstrate that pulsatility may change clotting outcomes in cerebral aneurysms.

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“…Nevertheless, despite the abundance of different 3D print materials that are better than PVA, there are hardly any references that can be taken into consideration when creating a part of the anatomy of the human body. For example, the creation of a cerebral aneurysm by Ho et al, [16], or patient-specific vascular anatomies by Ruedinger et al, [17], and many more biomedical applications of transparent mould making uses the material PVA to create their 3D patterns.…”

Section: Comparison Of Materials For Anterior Segment 3d Printing and Mould Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Aqueous Humour Hydrodynamics of Glaucoma Condition Using 3D Printed Model and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)

Khairulfuaad

Asmuin

Taib

2021

ARFMTS

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This study aims to explore the knowledge on fluid flow properties of the aqueous humour (AH), specifically on the anterior segment (AS) of the human eye for a medical condition called Glaucoma. The research objectives are to study on fluid flow characteristics of velocity and pressure of the AH on the AS of the eye using enlarged 3D printed model and computational analysis, and also to analyse the suitability of the 3D generated anterior AS in fluid flow analysis application on particle image velocimetry (PIV). Using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a water-soluble 3D printing filament, a 3D model of the AS of the human eye was generated with SolidWorks 2018 and printed using Creality Ender 3. This printed model serves as the pattern for silicon rubber mould production using vacuum casting process. Analysis of AH flow hydrodynamics are conducted with computational analysis using ANSYS Workbench 19.2. Key findings support that use of PVA material suite the creation of specific shapes and patterns for 3D modelling applications alike, and silicon rubber moulding creates a non-reactive and long-lasting mould for PIV applications. Computational analysis findings support the use of the generated model for PIV applications. Overall, the study successfully supports the use of 3D printed model for PIV application and future work that can be induced include direct experimentation of the mould with PIV.

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Evaluation of a Desktop 3D Printed Rigid Refractive-Indexed-Matched Flow Phantom for PIV Measurements on Cerebral Aneurysms

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

Thrombin–Fibrinogen In Vitro Flow Model of Thrombus Growth in Cerebral Aneurysms

Thrombin–Fibrinogen In Vitro Flow Model of Thrombus Growth in Cerebral Aneurysms

Effect of Pulsatility on the Transport of Thrombin in an Idealized Cerebral Aneurysm Geometry

Study on Aqueous Humour Hydrodynamics of Glaucoma Condition Using 3D Printed Model and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)

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