Evaluation of a diagnostic ELISA for insect bite hypersensitivity in horses using recombinant Obsoletus complex allergens

Meide, Nathalie M.A. van der; Savelkoul, H.F.J.; Meulenbroeks, Chantal; Ducro, B.J.; Tijhaar, Edwin

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.12.004

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In prospect, with the goal of increasing the sensitivity of a serological test for I. ricinus bite, additional antigens derived from M. mitochondrii and from the tick salivary glands could be pooled in a multi-antigen antibody detection assay, following, for instance, the method developed for the diagnosis of Culicoides spp. bite in horses [39].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seropositivity to Midichloria mitochondrii (order Rickettsiales) as a marker to determine the exposure of humans to tick bite

Serra

Krey²,

Daschkin³

et al. 2019

Pathogens and Global Health

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Ixodes ricinus is the most common tick species parasitizing humans in Europe, and the main vector of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the causative agent of Lyme disease in the continent. This tick species also harbors the endosymbiont Midichloria mitochondrii, and there is strong evidence that this bacterium is inoculated into the vertebrate host during the blood meal. A high proportion of tick bites remains unnoticed due to rarity of immediate symptoms, implying the risk of occult tick-borne infections in turn a potential risk factor for the onset of chronic-degenerative diseases. Since suitable tools to determine the previous exposure to I. ricinus bites are needed, this work investigated whether seropositivity toward a protein of M. mitochondrii (rFliD) could represent a marker for diagnosis of I. ricinus bite. We screened 274 sera collected from patients from several European countries, at different risk of tick bite, using an ELISA protocol. Our results show a clear trend indicating that positivity to rFliD is higher where the tick bite can be regarded as certain/almost certain, and lower where there is an uncertainty on the bite, with the highest positivity in Lyme patients (47.30%) and the lowest (2.00%) in negative controls. According to the obtained results, M. mitochondrii can be regarded as a useful source of antigens, with the potential to be used to assess the exposure to ticks harboring this bacterium. In prospect, additional antigens from M. mitochondrii and tick salivary glands should be investigated and incorporated in a multi-antigen test for tick bite diagnosis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seropositivity to Midichloria mitochondrii (order Rickettsiales) as a marker to determine the exposure of humans to tick bite

Serra

Krey²,

Daschkin³

et al. 2019

Pathogens and Global Health

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“…Horses with IBH but only rarely healthy control horses, have serum IgE antibodies against salivary gland proteins of Culicoides spp. [ 15 – 20 ]. Furthermore, in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) with Culicoides spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective study on insect bite hypersensitivity in horses exported from Iceland into Switzerland

et al. 2018

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BackgroundInsect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is an IgE-mediated dermatitis caused by bites of Culicoides spp., which occurs frequently in horses imported from Iceland to continental Europe. IBH does not occur in Iceland because Culicoides species that bite horses are not present. However, Simulium vittatum (S. vittatum) are found in Iceland. In Europe, blood basophils from IBH-affected horses release significantly more sulfidoleukotrienes (sLT) than those from healthy controls after in vitro stimulation with Culicoides nubeculosus (C. nubeculosus) and S. vittatum. Aims of the study were: (I) using the sLT release assay, to test if horses living in Iceland were sensitized to S. vittatum and (II) to determine in a longitudinal study in horses imported from Iceland to Switzerland whether the sLT release assay would allow to predict which horses would develop IBH.ResultsHorses in Iceland, even when living in high S. vittatum areas, were usually not sensitized to S. vittatum or C. nubeculosus. Incidence of IBH in the 145 horses from the longitudinal study was 51% and mean time until IBH developed was 2.5 ± 1 year. Before import and after the first summer following import, there were no significant differences in sLT release between the endpoint healthy (H) and IBH groups. After the 2nd summer, when the number of clinically affected horses increased in the endpoint IBH group, a significantly higher sLT release after stimulation with C. nubeculosus but not with S. vittatum was observed. After the 3rd and 4th summer, the endpoint IBH group had a significantly higher sLT release with C. nubeculosus and S. vittatum than the endpoint H group. Some of the horses that remained healthy became transiently positive in the sLT release assay upon stimulation of their peripheral blood leucocytes with C. nubeculosus.ConclusionsHorses in Iceland are not sensitized to S. vittatum. In horses that develop IBH, sensitization to S. vittatum is secondary to sensitization to C. nubeculosus and probably a result of an immunological cross-reactivity. A sLT release assay cannot be used to predict which horses will develop IBH. A transient positive reaction in the sLT release assay observed in horses that remained healthy suggests that immunoregulatory mechanisms may control an initial sensitization of the healthy horses.

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“…[2][3][4][5][6] These recombinant allergens (r-allergens) bind serum IgE from IBH-affected animals, but only rarely from healthy control horses. [3][4][5][6][7] Affected horses have been shown to react to antigens of many different indigenous, as well as nonindigenous Culicoides spp. in intradermal tests, 8,9 therefore suggesting shared common allergens between species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal analysis of allergen‐specific IgE and IgG subclasses as potential predictors of insect bite hypersensitivity following first exposure to Culicoides in Icelandic horses

Ziegler

Hamza

Jónsdóttir

et al. 2017

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background -Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is an allergic dermatitis of horses caused by bites of Culicoides spp. IBH does not occur in Iceland because of the absence of Culicoides, but the prevalence is high in horses imported from Iceland to environments where Culicoides are present.Hypothesis/Objective -Test, in a longitudinal study before and after Culicoides exposure, whether a primary sensitizing Culicoides allergen can be identified and if an increase of allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E or IgG subclasses precedes clinical signs of IBH.Animals -Thirty two horses imported from Iceland to Europe; 16 developed IBH and 16 remained healthy. Methods -Determination of IgE and IgG subclasses against recombinant (r)-Culicoides allergens andCulicoides extract in sera taken before first exposure to Culicoides and yearly over a period of 3-4 years.Results -Before Culicoides exposure, there were no significant differences in Culicoides-specific serum IgE levels between horse that developed IBH or remained healthy. Culicoides exposure induced an individual IgE response pattern (to a median of 4.5 r-allergens) in the IBH but not in the healthy end-point group. The increase in serum IgE levels to Culicoides r-allergens was concurrent with the initial onset of clinical signs of IBH. IBHaffected horses displayed significantly higher allergen-specific IgG1 and IgG5 levels than healthy controls. Recombinant Culicoides obsoletus 1 (Cul o1) and Cul o3-specific IgG5 was significantly higher in the IBH compared to the healthy end-point group, before clinical signs of IBH.Conclusion/Clinical relevance -Allergen-specific serum IgE cannot be used as predictor for IBH, whereas allergen-specific IgG5 levels may have a predictive value.

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Evaluation of a diagnostic ELISA for insect bite hypersensitivity in horses using recombinant Obsoletus complex allergens

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

Seropositivity to Midichloria mitochondrii (order Rickettsiales) as a marker to determine the exposure of humans to tick bite

Seropositivity to Midichloria mitochondrii (order Rickettsiales) as a marker to determine the exposure of humans to tick bite

A prospective study on insect bite hypersensitivity in horses exported from Iceland into Switzerland

Longitudinal analysis of allergen‐specific IgE and IgG subclasses as potential predictors of insect bite hypersensitivity following first exposure to Culicoides in Icelandic horses

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