Evaluation of a diet dilution technique for measuring the response of broiler chickens to increasing concentrations of lysine

Gous, R. M.; Morris, Trevor

doi:10.1080/00071668508416799

Cited by 91 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The pilot trial presented in this study showed that the two amino acids were indeed limiting. In this study, the dilution technique was used to formulate the experimental diets because with this technique the balance of amino acids remains the same, which cannot be assured when the graded supplementation technique is used (Gous and Morris, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of dietary methionine+cysteine and threonine in broilers significantly decreases environmental nitrogen excretion

Donato

Sakomura

Silva

et al. 2016

Animal

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The intensification of livestock have increased the emission of pollutants to the environment, leading to a growing interest in seeking strategies that minimise these emissions. Studies have shown that it is possible to manipulate diets by reducing CP levels and thus reducing nitrogen (N) excretion, without compromising performance. However, there is no knowledge of any study that has focused on reducing N excretion and relating this reduction to individual amino acids. This study investigated the effect of dietary methionine + cysteine (MC) and threonine (THR), the two most limiting amino acids for broiler production, on nitrogen excretion (NE) and nitrogen deposition (ND) and determined the efficiency of utilisation of both amino acids for protein deposition. Six trials were conducted to measure the NE and ND in broiler chickens during three rearing phases in response to dietary amino acid. The efficiency of utilisation of the amino acids was calculated by linear regression of body protein deposition and the amino acid intake. Despite the differences between sexes and phases, the efficiency of utilisation was the same, being 0.60 and 0.59 for MC and THR, respectively. The rate of NE behaved exponentially, increasing with amino acid intake, and can exceed 50% of N intake, being higher than ND. On average, for a reduction in intake of each unit of MC or THR (mg) there is a reduction of 0.5% of NE. Although this reduction seems low, considering that it corresponds to changes in one amino acid only, the impact on a large scale would be significant. Knowledge of how animals respond to NE and ND/protein deposition according to amino acid dietary content may represent new efforts towards reducing the impact on environment.Keywords: amino acids, efficiency of utilisation, environmental pollution, nutrition, poultry ImplicationsThis study shows the effect of amino acids on nitrogen excretion and deposition and on their efficiency of utilisation for protein deposition by broilers. The nitrogen originating from the poultry is an environmental pollutant. Provision of higher amounts of amino acids, besides not increasing protein deposition, also causes increased nitrogen excretion. Meeting animal's amino acids requirements, provides greater efficiency of utilisation of these amino acids, without affecting protein deposition in the animals, and thus reduces nitrogen excretion. In this way, the management of amino acids in broilers diets may allow new efforts to reduce the impact of intensification of livestock. IntroductionThe intensification of livestock have significantly increased the emission of pollutants to the environment, leading to a growing interest in seeking alternatives that minimise these emissions. The European Union has already implemented laws regulating environmental pollution, especially in regard to the emission of nitrogen (N) compounds, considered to be a critical pollutants affecting life on earth (European Commission, 2007). N compounds are responsible for pollution of groundwater due to nitrate lea...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of dietary methionine+cysteine and threonine in broilers significantly decreases environmental nitrogen excretion

Donato

Sakomura

Silva

et al. 2016

Animal

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“….if almost any series of multifactorial experiments is examined in which a given protein is being supplemented with various amino acids to improve the quality of the protein, amino acid imbalances often become apparent'. It has been argued (Fisher and Morris, 1970;Gous and Morris, 1985) that the response may well be influenced by this change in amino acid balance.…”

Section: Measuring and Interpreting Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting nutrient responses in poultry: future challenges

Gous

2007

Animal

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Predicting the response of poultry to nutrients has progressed to a stage where it is now not only possible to predict voluntary feed intake accurately, but broiler feeds and feeding programmes may now be optimised using the more advanced simulation models. Development of such prediction models has stimulated useful and purposeful research targeted at filling the gaps in our knowledge of critical aspects of the theory incorporated into these models. The aim of this paper was to review some of these past developments, discuss the controversy that exists in designing and interpreting response experiments, and highlight some of the most recent challenges related to the prediction of responses to nutrients by poultry. These latter include differences, brought about by selection for diverse goals, that have become apparent between modern broiler strains in their responses in feed intake and mortality, which are not independent of level of feeding or strain of broiler, as was previously believed. Uniformity, an important quality criterion in broiler processing, is also not independent of level of feeding, and the effect may now be predicted using stochastic models. It is not yet clear whether breast meat yield, the carcass component of broilers yielding the highest returns, is a function of the strain of broiler or simply that of the protein weight of the bird when processed. An important aspect of response prediction is dealing with constraints to performance: whereas it is relatively straightforward to simulate the potential performance of a broiler, such performance is often constrained by the physical, social and infectious environment, among others, providing a challenge to modellers attempting to predict actual performance. Some of these constraints to potential performance have not yet been adequately described, but are now receiving attention, suggesting that nutrient responses in poultry have the potential to be more accurately predicted in the future.

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“…Thus, this technique allows for the attainment and understanding of the dynamic responses associated with the function of the limiting amino acid without interference from other nutrients in the diet (Gous and Morris, 1985). Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure the response to different inclusions of met+cys using the dilution technique and to determine the amino acid intake to optimise the response in the performance of laying hens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of laying hens to methionine + cystine intake by dilution technique

et al. 2015

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-The objective of this study was to measure the response of Dekalb White laying hens to different intakes of digestible methionine + cystine (met+cys) to optimise their performance. Two hundred eighty-eight Dekalb White laying hens, ranging in age from 33 to 48 weeks, were used in the study. The birds were randomly allocated into eight treatment (levels of met+cys and the control treatment) groups with six replicates of six hens per unit. The experimental diets consisted of seven increasing levels of met+cys (1.37, 2.75, 4.14, 5.51, 6.89, 7.92 and 8.95 g kg −1 ) and were prepared using a dilution technique. A control treatment was used to confirm that the limiting response was due to met+cys intake. Egg production, feed intake, egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion per mass were measured. The data were analysed with repeated measures and regression analyses using Broken Line and Quadratic models, as well as using the combination of both models. The different met+cys intakes influenced the studied variables; all the variables except feed conversion per mass were significantly different between the periods and levels. The digestible met+cys intakes based on the association of the Broken Line and Quadratic models to optimise the birds' response to egg mass are 671 mg/bird d for 33 to 36 weeks, 728 mg/bird d for 37 to 40 weeks, 743 mg/bird d for 41 to 44 weeks, and 770 mg/bird d for 45 to 48 weeks.

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Evaluation of a diet dilution technique for measuring the response of broiler chickens to increasing concentrations of lysine

Cited by 91 publications

References 14 publications

Manipulation of dietary methionine+cysteine and threonine in broilers significantly decreases environmental nitrogen excretion

Manipulation of dietary methionine+cysteine and threonine in broilers significantly decreases environmental nitrogen excretion

Predicting nutrient responses in poultry: future challenges

Response of laying hens to methionine + cystine intake by dilution technique

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