Evaluation of a DNA polymerase-deficient mutant of E. coli for the rapid detection of carcinogens

Fluck, Eugene R.; Poirier, Lionel A.; Ruelius, Hans W.

doi:10.1016/0009-2797(76)90148-4

Cited by 88 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…coli P3478 6-500 µg/plate (D,L-Methionine) Negative (±S9) (Fluck et al, 1976) Well conducted non GLP-study.…”

Section: Ames Assay (Plate Incorporation Method)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flavouring Group Evaluation 26: Amino acids from chemical group 34

2010

EFSA Journal

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The present Flavouring Group Evaluation deals with five amino acids.Three of the five flavouring substances possess one chiral centre and two possess two chiral centres.One of the substances is the naturally occurring L-amino acid, L-cystine .006], and another is the hydrochloride salt of a naturally occurring L-amino acid, 1-lysine monochlorhydrate ], for which the Panel concluded that the use of the Procedure was inappropriate, as the human exposures to L-cystine and L-lysine through food are orders of magnitude higher than the anticipated levels of exposure from the use as flavouring substances. Therefore, the flavouring substance L-cystine and l-lysine monochlorhydrate are not taken through the Procedure. However, the Panel concluded that the substances were not of safety concern at their estimated levels of intake as flavouring substances. The other three substances in this flavouring group are evaluated as racemates and are taken through the Procedure.The five flavouring substances are classified into structural class I.In its evaluation, the Scientific Panel as a default used the Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDIs) approach to estimate the per capita intakes of the flavouring substances in Europe. However, when the Scientific Panel examined the information provided by the European flavouring industry on the use levels in various foods, it appeared obvious that the MSDI approach in a number of cases would grossly underestimate the intake by regular consumers of products flavoured at the use level reported by the industry, especially in those cases where the annual production values were reported to be small. In consequence, the Scientific Panel had reservations about the data on use and use levels provided and the intake estimates obtained by the MSDI approach. In the absence of more precise information that would enable the Scientific Panel to make a more realistic estimate of the intakes of the flavouring substances, the Scientific Panel has decided also to perform an estimate of the daily intakes per person using a modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI) approach based on the normal use levels reported by industry. In those cases where the mTAMDI approach indicated that the intake of a flavouring substance might exceed its corresponding threshold of concern, the Scientific Panel decided not to carry out a formal safety assessment using the Procedure. In these cases the Scientific Panel requires more precise data on use and use levels.According to the default MSDI approach, the five flavouring substances in this group have intakes in Europe from 0.12 to 30 microgram/capita/day which are below the threshold of concern value for structural class I (1800 microgram/person/day) substances.The human exposure of the candidate substance L-cystine .006] and l-Lysine from the candidate substance l-lysine monochlorhydrate .031] through food is orders of magnitude higher than the anticipated levels of exposure from the use of the flavouring substances. Therefore the two substances are not...

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“…coli P3478 6-500 µg/plate (D,L-Methionine) Negative (±S9) (Fluck et al, 1976) Well conducted non GLP-study.…”

Section: Ames Assay (Plate Incorporation Method)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Sargentini & Smith, 1986) Valid non GLP-study although conducted in the absence of metabolic activation system. Mutation assay E. coli P3478 500 µg/plate Negative (±S9) (Fluck et al, 1976) Isomer not specified. Valid non GLP-study.…”

Section: Human Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavouring Group Evaluation 26: Amino acids from chemical group 34

2010

EFSA Journal

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“…Rattenlebermikrosomen mutagen, wobei die Präinkubation der Substanz mit Flavinmononukleotid, das die Reduktion der Azoverbindung fördert und die aromatischen Amine freisetzt, die mutagene Aktivität der Farbstoffe steigerte, die von DMOB selbst jedoch nicht beeinflußte [33,36,37]. An BHK-21C13-Zellen löste DMOB in Konzentrationen zwischen 0,08 und 250 Vg/ml nach metabolischer Aktivierung Zelltransformationen aus [38]; in einem Test auf Wachstumshemmung an Kulturen von E. coli P3478 war die Substanz in einer Konzentration von 500 Vg negativ [39].…”

Section: Untersuchungen Zur Gentoxischen Wirkungunclassified

3,3′‐Dimethoxybenzidin [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1987]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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Veröffentlicht in der Reihe Gesundheitsschädliche Arbeitsstoffe , 12. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1987 Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel: Allgemeiner Wirkungscharakter Angaben zur Pharmakokinetik Erfahrungen beim Menschen Tierexperimentelle Befunde Reproduktions‐ und Teratogenitätsstudien Untersuchungen zur gentoxischen Wirkung Untersuchungen zur kanzerogenen Wirkung Zur Frage eines MAK‐Wertes

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“…For example, BPs exhibited both estrogenic and anti-androgenic properties in a variety of organisms, exerted auterotrophic effect in vivo test, stimulated cell proliferation of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation7) and increased the secretion of tumor marker pS2 (an estrogen-induced protein) in vitro (Balmer et al, 2005;Ma et al, 2003;Schlumpf et al, 2001;Schreurs et al, 2005;Zenker et al, 2008). Moreover, some BPs such as benzophenone, 2,3, have been reported to have potential genotoxic effects (Fluck et al, 1976;French, 1992;Jeon et al, 2007;Mortelmans et al, 1986;Zeiger et al, 1987). Some BPs have also been observed obvious genotoxic effects at high milligram per liter level .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation pathways and acute toxicity variation of 4-hydroxyl benzophenone in chlorination disinfection process

et al. 2016

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h i g h l i g h t s7 transformation products in 4HB chlorination disinfection system were identified. Transformation pathways of 4HB during chlorination disinfection were proposed. Acute toxicity increased after chlorination due to the formation of 3,5-dichloro-4HB. The transformation mechanisms of 4HB can be repeated in ambient water matrices. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tBenzophenones compounds (BPs) are widely used as UV filters, and have been frequently found in multiple environmental matrices. The residual of BPs in water would cause potential threats on ecological safety and human health. Chlorination disinfection is necessary in water treatment process, in which many chemicals remained in water would react with disinfectant chlorine and form toxic byproducts. By using ultra performance liquid phase chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the transformation of 4-hydroxyl benezophenone (4HB) with free available chlorine (FAC) was characterized. Eight major products were detected and seven of them were identified. Transformation pathways of 4HB under acid, neutral, and alkaline conditions were proposed respectively. The transformation mechanisms involved electrophilic chlorine substitution of 4HB, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones, hydrolysis of esters and oxidative breakage of benzene ring. The orthogonal experiments of pH and dosages of disinfectant chlorine were conducted. The results suggested that pH conditions determined the occurrence of reaction types, and the dosages of disinfectant chlorine affected the extent of reactions. Photobacterium assay demonstrated that acute toxicity had significant increase after chlorination disinfection of 4HB. It was proved that 3,5-dichloro-4HB, one of the major transformation products, was responsible for the increasing acute toxicity after chlorination. It is notable that, 4HB at low level in real ambient water matrices could be transformed during simulated chlorination disinfection practice. Especially, two major products 3-chloro-4HB and 3,5-dichloro-4HB were detected out, implying the potential ecological risk after chlorination disinfection of 4HB.

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Evaluation of a DNA polymerase-deficient mutant of E. coli for the rapid detection of carcinogens

Cited by 88 publications

References 16 publications

Flavouring Group Evaluation 26: Amino acids from chemical group 34

Flavouring Group Evaluation 26: Amino acids from chemical group 34

3,3′‐Dimethoxybenzidin [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1987]

Transformation pathways and acute toxicity variation of 4-hydroxyl benzophenone in chlorination disinfection process

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