“…The safety climate phase of our current study used a Japanese translated version of Gershon and colleagues' HSCS 23) , for a variety of reasons. Firstly, the basic instrument in English has already been shown to have sufficient reliability and validity as an indicator of employee perceptions of safety within their institution 24) . Secondly, the HSCS tool itself is simple and convenient to administer, containing only 20 questions in a simple Likert scale format.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Safety climate research with respect to NSI was somewhat simplified in the year 2000, when Gershon and colleagues devised a brief 20-item Hospital Safety Climate Scale (HSCS) 23) , incorporating 6 dimensions of safety climate based on their previous research. The validity and reliability of the HSCS as an indicator of safety climate in health care settings has been recently demonstrated 24) . Given that Japanese HCW are known to suffer from NSI 25) and that they also incur some unique, culturally-specific NSI risks 26) , it was considered necessary to investigate interactions between hospital safety climate, psychosocial factors and NSI within a Japanese setting by using a modified and translated version of the HSCS.…”
“…The safety climate phase of our current study used a Japanese translated version of Gershon and colleagues' HSCS 23) , for a variety of reasons. Firstly, the basic instrument in English has already been shown to have sufficient reliability and validity as an indicator of employee perceptions of safety within their institution 24) . Secondly, the HSCS tool itself is simple and convenient to administer, containing only 20 questions in a simple Likert scale format.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Safety climate research with respect to NSI was somewhat simplified in the year 2000, when Gershon and colleagues devised a brief 20-item Hospital Safety Climate Scale (HSCS) 23) , incorporating 6 dimensions of safety climate based on their previous research. The validity and reliability of the HSCS as an indicator of safety climate in health care settings has been recently demonstrated 24) . Given that Japanese HCW are known to suffer from NSI 25) and that they also incur some unique, culturally-specific NSI risks 26) , it was considered necessary to investigate interactions between hospital safety climate, psychosocial factors and NSI within a Japanese setting by using a modified and translated version of the HSCS.…”
“…The surveys responses were analyzed by the IBM SPSS 22 Statistics package, which was also used by other researchers (Fogarty and Shaw, 2010;Montano and Kasprzyk, 2008;Turnberg and Daniell, 2008;Bosak et al, 2013). Since the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO)'s Measure of Sampling Adequacy was 0.883, factor analysis was relevant.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…After the factors were extracted, Promax oblique rotation was performed as recommended by Costello and Osborne (2005) to uncover correlations between factors. Kaiser normalization was used for stability of solutions across samples (Turnberg and Daniell, 2008). The outcome of the oblique factor rotation as part of exploratory factor analysis yielded 4 factors as shown in Fig.…”
“…In such a situation, a decision which model would be the most appropriate is necessary. Some models were developed in the west [1,4,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31], others in the east [32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41].…”
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