Evaluation of a Holistic Model of Mental Health Symptoms in African American Women

Taylor, Jerome; Jackson, Beryl B.

doi:10.1177/00957984910181003

Cited by 74 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some evidence indicates that in addition to adversely affecting academic performance, the activation of the stigma of inferiority also leads to increases in blood pressure (Blascovitch et al 2001). Similarly, Taylor and colleagues have found a positive association between internalized racism and alcohol consumption and psychological distress among African Americans (Taylor et al 1991; Taylor and Jackson 1990, 1991). Other recent research indicates that high levels of internalized racism are associated with increased risk of overweight or abdominal obesity among black women in the Caribbean (Tull et al 1999; Chambers et al 2004; Butler et al 2002), and with waist circumferences, diastolic blood pressure and fasting glucose among black women but not men in Africa (Tull et al 2007).…”

Section: Internalized Racismmentioning

confidence: 85%

Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper provides a review and critique of empirical research on perceived discrimination and health. The patterns of racial disparities in health suggest that there are multiple ways by which racism can affect health. Perceived discrimination is one such pathway and the paper reviews the published research on discrimination and health that appeared in PubMed between 2005 and 2007. This recent research continues to document an inverse association between discrimination and health. This pattern is now evident in a wider range of contexts and for a broader array of outcomes. Advancing our understanding of the relationship between perceived discrimination and health will require more attention to situating discrimination within the context of other health-relevant aspects of racism, measuring it comprehensively and accurately, assessing its stressful dimensions, and identifying the mechanisms that link discrimination to health. KeywordsRacism; Discrimination; Stress; Health disparities; Race; Ethnicity This paper will provide an overview of the current evidence for and needed research on the role of perceived discrimination in health. It seeks to situate the research on personal experiences of discrimination within the larger literature on racism and health. It begins by describing some salient patterns in the large and persistent racial/ethnic variations in health that have provided an impetus to better understand the role of racism in health. It centrally focuses on recent research on perceived discrimination and health. It critiques the existing literature with an eye toward highlighting the needed improvements in the conceptualization and measurement of perceived discrimination that would advance our understanding of the potential role of race-related stressors in health. Disparities and the added burden of raceRacial disparities in health in the U.S. are large and pervasive. For most of the 15 leading causes of death including heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, kidney disease, hypertension, liver cirrhosis and homicide, African Americans (or blacks) have higher death rates than whites (Kung et al. 2008). These elevated death rates exist across the life-course with AfricanCorrespondence to: David R. Williams, dwilliam@hsph.harvard.edu. NIH Public AccessAuthor Manuscript J Behav Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 February 14. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptAmericans and American Indians having higher age-specific mortality rates than whites from birth through the retirement years (Williams 2005). Other data indicate that almost 100,000 black persons die prematurely each year who would not die if there were no racial disparities in health (Levine et al. 2001). Another noteworthy characteristic of racial disparities is their persistence over time. Despite gains in life expectancy for both blacks and whites, the 7 year racial gap in life expectancy in 1960 was still 5.1 years in 2005 (National Center for Health Statistics (2007). Similarly, altho...

show abstract

Section: Internalized Racismmentioning

confidence: 85%

Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Available evidence, including results of laboratory experiments, suggests that individuals are able to understand the concept of discrimination and that reports of perceived discrimination correspond with objective experiences of discrimination (D. M. Taylor, Wright, & Porter, 1994; J. Taylor & Jackson, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial and Gender Discrimination, Early Life Factors, and Chronic Physical Health Conditions in Midlife

McDonald

Terry

Tehranifar

2014

Women's Health Issues

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Most studies of perceived discrimination have been cross-sectional and focused primarily on mental rather than physical health conditions. We examined the associations of perceived racial and gender discrimination reported in adulthood with early life factors and self-reported physician-diagnosis of chronic physical health conditions. Methods We used data from a racially diverse birth cohort of U.S. women (N=168, average age=41 years) with prospectively collected early life data (e.g., parental socioeconomic factors) and adult reported data on perceived discrimination, physical health conditions, and relevant risk factors. We performed modified robust Poisson regression due to the high prevalence of the outcomes. Results Fifty-percent of participants reported racial and 39% reported gender discrimination. Early life factors did not have strong associations with perceived discrimination. In adjusted regression models, participants reporting at least three experiences of gender or racial discrimination had a 38% increased risk of having at least one physical health conditions (RR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.01-1.87). Using standardized regression coefficients, the magnitude of the association of having physical health conditions was larger for perceived discrimination than for being overweight or obese. Conclusion Our results suggest a substantial chronic disease burden associated with perceived discrimination, which may exceed the impact of established risk factors for poor physical health.

show abstract

“…It captures the extent to which blacks are socially uncomfortable with other blacks and endorse traditional racist stereotypes of blacks such as blacks are mentally defective (intellectually, morally, emotionally) or blacks are physically gifted (athletically, sexually, artistically). Research by Jerome Taylor and colleagues revealed that internalized racism was associated with higher consumption of alcohol and higher levels of psychological distress and depressive symptoms (Taylor and Jackson 1990, Taylor, Henderson and Jackson 1991, Taylor and Jackson 1991).…”

Section: Cultural Racism and Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and the Mental Health of Populations of Color: Advancing Our Understanding of Race-related Stressors

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article provides an overview of research on race-related stressors that can affect the mental health of socially disadvantaged racial and ethnic populations. It begins by reviewing the research on self-reported discrimination and mental health. Although discrimination is the most studied aspect of racism, racism can also affect mental health through structural/institutional mechanisms and racism that is deeply embedded in the larger culture. Key priorities for research include more systematic attention to stress-proliferation processes due to institutional racism, the assessment of stressful experiences linked to natural or manmade environmental crises, documenting and understanding the health effects of hostility against immigrants and people of color, cataloguing and quantifying protective resources, and enhancing our understanding of the complex association between physical and mental health.

show abstract

Evaluation of a Holistic Model of Mental Health Symptoms in African American Women

Cited by 74 publications

References 41 publications

Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research

Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research

Racial and Gender Discrimination, Early Life Factors, and Chronic Physical Health Conditions in Midlife

Stress and the Mental Health of Populations of Color: Advancing Our Understanding of Race-related Stressors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About