Evaluation of a milk ELISA for the serodiagnosis of Dictyocaulus viviparus in dairy cows

Fiedor, Christiane; Strübe, Christina; Forbes, Andrew Benjamin; Buschbaum, Sandra; Klewer, Anne-Marie; Samson‐Himmelstjerna, Georg von; Schnieder, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.09.002

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Alternatively, the cut-off value can be determined by testing a pool of known negatives. Suggested cut-offs are given as the mean OD of the known negative samples plus 2 or 3 standard deviations depending on the degree of stringency required [13]. The results from ELISAs are often reported as percent positivity (PP), sample to positive (SP) ratio or optical density ratio (ODR) (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For individual serum and milk samples the recombinant MSP ELISA has a sensitivity of between 97.5 and 99% and a specificity of over 99%. Significantly, there is no cross reactivity with Ostertagia or Cooperia [8,13,58]. Experimental infections indicated that lungworm-specific antibodies were detectable 28 to 35 days post infection (dpi) for a period of between 79 and 107 days [58].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bulk milk ELISA and the diagnosis of parasite infections in dairy herds: a review

2013

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The bulk milk enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) is a rapid and inexpensive method of assessing herd exposure to pathogens that is increasingly being used for the diagnosis of parasite infections in dairy herds. In this paper, with the dairy herd health veterinarian in mind, we review the principles of the assay and the recent literature on the potential role of bulk milk ELISA for the diagnosis of ostertagiosis, fasciolosis, parasitic bronchitis due to cattle lung worm and neosporosis. It is generally accepted that assay results reflect exposure to the parasite rather than the presence of active infection. Bulk milk ELISA can be a useful tool for the veterinary practitioner as a component of a herd health monitoring programme or in the context of a herd health investigation. It can also play a role in regional or national surveillance programmes. However, the results need to be interpreted within the context of the herd-specific health management, the milk production pattern and the parasite life cycle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk milk ELISA and the diagnosis of parasite infections in dairy herds: a review

2013

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“…Therefore, about 20,000 BTM samples from regions all over Germany were tested with the MSP-ELISA, which can be used for diagnosing antibodies against the bovine lungworm in serum as well as individual milk and BTM samples [13], [14]. A recently field study in 15 dairy herds in Germany allowed the cut-off for lungwoem positivity to be adjusted and showed that this ELISA is a useful method for testing BTM samples in epidemiological surveys [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lungworm Infections in German Dairy Cattle Herds — Seroprevalence and GIS-Supported Risk Factor Analysis

et al. 2013

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In November 2008, a total of 19,910 bulk tank milk (BTM) samples were obtained from dairy farms from all over Germany, corresponding to about 20% of all German dairy herds, and analysed for antibodies against the bovine lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus by use of the recombinant MSP-ELISA. A total number of 3,397 (17.1%; n = 19,910) BTM samples tested seropositive. The prevalences in individual German federal states varied between 0.0% and 31.2% positive herds. A geospatial map was drawn to show the distribution of seropositive and seronegative herds per postal code area. ELISA results were further analysed for associations with land-use and climate data. Bivariate statistical analysis was used to identify potential spatial risk factors for dictyocaulosis. Statistically significant positive associations were found between lungworm seropositive herds and the proportion of water bodies and grassed area per postal code area. Variables that showed a statistically significant association with a positive BTM test were included in a logistic regression model, which was further refined by controlled stepwise selection of variables. The low Pseudo R2 values (0.08 for the full model and 0.06 for the final model) and further evaluation of the model by ROC analysis indicate that additional, unrecorded factors (e.g. management factors) or random effects may substantially contribute to lungworm infections in dairy cows. Veterinarians should include lungworms in the differential diagnosis of respiratory disease in dairy cattle, particularly those at pasture. Monitoring of herds through BTM screening for antibodies can help farmers and veterinarians plan and implement appropriate control measures.

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“… July to October  Mixed grazing with younger cattle  Heifers or bought-in animals added to herd over the grazing season  Recent move to a new field  No lungworm booster vaccinations  Coughing and tachypnoea in some individuals (Wapenaar et al, 2007)  Dull, depressed individuals, loss of appetite (Michel and Shand, 1955)  Sudden drop in daily individual and/or bulk tank milk yield  Apparent sudden death (SAC, 2018) Although some cows with PB are in very obvious respiratory distress ( Figure 5), confirmation of the diagnosis can be surprisingly difficult unless a herd is undergoing a primary infection, in which case faecal samples should confirm the presence of D. viviparus larvae, although infections commonly remain patent for only 2-3 months post-infection in young animals (Michel, 1962) and even lessone to two months -in cows (Fiedor et al, 2009). Blood or milk samples will also be seropositive after a primary infection, providing the challenge is sufficient: >25 larvae (Strube et al, 2017).…”

Section: Adult Dairy Cowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood or milk samples will also be seropositive after a primary infection, providing the challenge is sufficient: >25 larvae (Strube et al, 2017). Other than in new infections in naïve animals, antibodies to D. viviparus are of limited diagnostic value as they can be detected for at least 6 months after first exposure (Cornelissen et al, 1997;Fiedor et al, 2009), even in the absence of challenge, so positive results simply mean that the animal/herd has been infected sometime in the past and is not necessarily infected at the time of sampling. Furthermore, re-infections in dairy cattle can result in lower or no antibody responses and so seropositivity can be transient in nature (Strube et al, 2017).…”

Section: Adult Dairy Cowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lungworm in cattle: epidemiology, pathology and immunobiology

Forbes

2018

Livestock

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The bovine lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus, causes disease in all ages of cattle and in addition to having a self-evident effect on animal welfare, it can have a considerable economic impact at farm level, even with subclinical infections. Whilst most clinical cases are seen in cattle at pasture from July until housing, occasional outbreaks occur in housed cattle that have been infected previously at grass, or occasionally from infections acquired from forage or low-level cycling in straw yards. Whilst the overall seasonal pattern of infection is consistent over large temporal and spatial scales, there is marked year-to-year and within season variability in the number of cases seen at both regional and farm levels. This relative unpredictability can bring uncertainty to decisions on control. In order to be able to provide sound, evidence-based advice on treatment and control to farmers, it is important that clinicians grasp important, practically relevant aspects of lungworm biology, pathology, immunity and epidemiology: the aim of this article is to do just that. A second article describes and analyses the options for prevention and treatment of husk, based on this knowledge.

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Evaluation of a milk ELISA for the serodiagnosis of Dictyocaulus viviparus in dairy cows

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Bulk milk ELISA and the diagnosis of parasite infections in dairy herds: a review

Bulk milk ELISA and the diagnosis of parasite infections in dairy herds: a review

Lungworm Infections in German Dairy Cattle Herds — Seroprevalence and GIS-Supported Risk Factor Analysis

Lungworm in cattle: epidemiology, pathology and immunobiology

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