Evaluation of a Multiplex Bead Assay against Single-Target Assays for Detection of IgG Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2

Mitchell, Kaitlin; Carlson, Christina M.; Nace, Douglas; Wakeman, Brian S.; Drobeniuc, Jan; Niemeyer, Glenn P.; Werner, Bonnie; Hoffmaster, Alex R.; Satheshkumar, Panayampalli S.; Schuh, Amy J.; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam; Rogier, Eric

doi:10.1128/spectrum.01054-22

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A low number of individuals received four COVID-19 vaccine doses, and small sample sizes limited our ability to compare 50% thresholds for a reduction in odds of COVID-19 stratified by vaccine doses, with results inconsistent. Further, use of DBS in this multi-plex, microsphere assay was previously validated against qualitative serologic assays [18] but not against standardized assays widely used to quantify bAb levels [35]. This study was designed to assess applicability of the test- negative study design to interrogate antibody levels associated with SARS-CoV-2 associated illness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dried blood spots (DBS) have been shown to provide similar results to venipuncture for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing [15][16][17]. The FlexImmArray TM SARS-CoV-2 Human IgG Antibody test (Tetracore, Rockville, MD) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in DBS; this test uses a 7-Plex microsphere based assay designed for specific IgG antibody detection against SARS-CoV-2 [18]. It employs three immobilized SARS-CoV-2 recombinant antigens and includes three external sample controls for assessing performance.…”

Section: Serologic Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Associated with COVID-19 Protection in Outpatients Tested for SARS-CoV-2, US Flu VE Network, October 2021–June 2022

Sumner,

Yadav,

Noble

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: We assessed the association between antibody concentration within 5 days of symptom onset and COVID-19 illness among patients enrolled in a test-negative study. Methods: From October 2021 to June 2022, study sites in seven states enrolled and tested respiratory specimens from patients of all ages presenting with acute respiratory illness for SARS-CoV-2 infection using rRT-PCR. In blood specimens, we measured concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against the ancestral strain spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens in standardized binding antibody units (BAU/mL). Percent reduction in odds of symptomatic COVID-19 by anti-RBD antibody was estimated using logistic regression modeled as (1-adjusted odds ratio of COVID-19)x100, adjusting for COVID-19 vaccination status, age, site, and high-risk exposure. Results: A total of 662 (33%) of 2,018 symptomatic patients tested positive for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. During the Omicron-predominant period, geometric mean anti-RBD binding antibody concentrations measured 823 BAU/mL (95% CI:690 to 981) among COVID-19 case-patients versus 1,189 BAU/mL (95% CI:1,050 to 1,347) among SARS-CoV-2 test-negative patients. In the adjusted logistic regression, increasing levels of anti-RBD antibodies were associated with reduced odds of COVID-19 for both Delta and Omicron infections. Conclusion: Higher anti-RBD antibodies in patients were associated with protection against symptomatic COVID-19 during emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Serologic Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Associated with COVID-19 Protection in Outpatients Tested for SARS-CoV-2, US Flu VE Network, October 2021–June 2022

Sumner,

Yadav,

Noble

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was estimated as the number of participants with a positive test result divided by the total number of participants with a valid test result by month and district. Seroprevalence was adjusted based on the assay sensitivity (89.8%) and specificity (100.0%) from an independent test [ 21 ]. Trend analysis was conducted to compare SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence with district-specific COVID-19 confirmed cases provided by ZNPHI [ 2 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among pregnant women attending first antenatal care visits in Zambia: A repeated cross-sectional survey, 2021–2022

Heilmann,

Tembo,

Fwoloshi

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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SARS-CoV-2 serosurveys help estimate the extent of transmission and guide the allocation of COVID-19 vaccines. We measured SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among women attending ANC clinics to assess exposure trends over time in Zambia. We conducted repeated cross-sectional SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence surveys among pregnant women aged 15–49 years attending their first ANC visits in four districts of Zambia (two urban and two rural) during September 2021-September 2022. Serologic testing was done using a multiplex bead assay which detects IgG antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein and the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD). We calculated monthly SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence by district. We also categorized seropositive results as infection alone, infection and vaccination, or vaccination alone based on anti-RBD and anti-nucleocapsid test results and self-reported COVID-19 vaccination status (vaccinated was having received ≥1 dose). Among 8,304 participants, 5,296 (63.8%) were cumulatively seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from September 2021 through September 2022. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence primarily increased from September 2021 to September 2022 in three districts (Lusaka: 61.8–100.0%, Chongwe: 39.6–94.7%, Chipata: 56.5–95.0%), but in Chadiza, seroprevalence increased from 27.8% in September 2021 to 77.2% in April 2022 before gradually dropping to 56.6% in July 2022. Among 5,906 participants with a valid COVID-19 vaccination status, infection alone accounted for antibody responses in 77.7% (4,590) of participants. Most women attending ANC had evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and most SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was infection-induced. Capturing COVID-19 vaccination status and using a multiplex bead assay with anti-nucleocapsid and anti-RBD targets facilitated distinguishing infection-induced versus vaccine-induced antibody responses during a period of increasing COVID-19 vaccine coverage in Zambia. Declining seroprevalence in Chadiza may indicate waning antibodies and a need for booster vaccines. ANC clinics have a potential role in ongoing SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance and can continue to provide insights into SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics to inform near real-time public health responses.

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“…Seroprevalence was adjusted based on the assay sensitivity (89.8%) and specificity (100.0%) from an independent test. 21 Trend analysis was conducted to compare SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence with district-level COVID-19 case reports provided by ZNPHI. 2 District-level populations exposed to SARS-CoV-2 were calculated using 2022 Census population projection estimates from the Zambia Statistics Agency and peak SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence estimates during data collection.…”

Section: Data Collection and Sample Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among pregnant women attending first antenatal care visits in Zambia: a repeated cross-sectional survey, 2021-2022

Heilmann,

Tembo,

Fwoloshi

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 serosurveys help estimate the extent of transmission and guide allocation of COVID-19 vaccines. We measured SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among women attending ANC clinics to assess exposure trends over time in Zambia.MethodsWe conducted repeated cross-sectional surveys among pregnant women aged 15-49 years attending their first ANC visits in four districts of Zambia (two urban and two rural) during September 2021-September 2022. Serologic testing was done using a multiplex bead assay which detects IgG antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein and the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD). We calculated monthly SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence by district. We also categorized seropositive results as infection alone, infection and vaccination, or vaccination alone based on COVID-19 vaccination status and anti-RBD and anti-nucleocapsid test results.FindingsAmong 8,304 participants, 5,296 (63.8%) were cumulatively seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence primarily increased from September 2021 to September 2022 in three districts (Lusaka: 61.8-100.0%, Chongwe: 39.6-94.7%, Chipata: 56.5-95.0%), but in Chadiza, seroprevalence increased from 27.8% in September 2021 to 77.2% in April 2022 before gradually dropping to 56.6% in July 2022. Among 5,906 participants with a valid COVID-19 vaccination status, infection alone accounted for antibody responses in 77.7% (4,590) of participants.InterpretationMost women attending ANC had evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and most SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was infection-induced. Capturing COVID-19 vaccination status and using a multiplex bead assay with anti-nucleocapsid and anti-RBD targets facilitated distinguishing infection-induced versus vaccine-induced antibody responses during a period of increasing COVID-19 vaccine coverage in Zambia. Declining seroprevalence in Chadiza may indicate waning antibodies and a need for booster vaccines. ANC clinics have a potential role in ongoing SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance and can continue to provide insights into SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics to inform near real-time public health responses.

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Evaluation of a Multiplex Bead Assay against Single-Target Assays for Detection of IgG Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Associated with COVID-19 Protection in Outpatients Tested for SARS-CoV-2, US Flu VE Network, October 2021–June 2022

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Associated with COVID-19 Protection in Outpatients Tested for SARS-CoV-2, US Flu VE Network, October 2021–June 2022

Trends in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among pregnant women attending first antenatal care visits in Zambia: A repeated cross-sectional survey, 2021–2022

Trends in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among pregnant women attending first antenatal care visits in Zambia: a repeated cross-sectional survey, 2021-2022

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