Evaluation of a new electrochemical concept for vacuum toilet wastewater treatment – Comparison with ozonation and peroxone processes

Haupt, Dennis; Muddemann, Thorben; Kunz, Ulrich; Sievers, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2019.02.020

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Therefore, recent investigations aim at the combination with hydrogen peroxide‐forming cathodes to generate oxidizing agents at both electrodes simultaneously. This leads to a higher and more energy‐efficient degradation of organic compounds . Hydrogen peroxide can also be activated to hydroxyl radicals, e.g., by Fenton's reaction (Fig.…”

Section: Process Description Of Established Processes and Future Prosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Reactors for Wastewater Treatment

et al. 2019

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Regarding the treatment of (waste)water, electrochemical processes have various advantages over other methods. They are robust, easy to operate and flexible in case of fluctuating wastewater streams. In addition, a relatively broad spectrum of organic and inorganic impurities can be removed. This contribution provides an overview of electrochemical reactors for water, process water, and wastewater treatment, which are already in technical‐scale operation or subject of research. Some essential basics of electrochemical processes for the treatment of water are presented and examples for applications are given. This is followed by a description of the reactors.

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Section: Process Description Of Established Processes and Future Prosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Reactors for Wastewater Treatment

et al. 2019

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“…Furthermore, the system does not depend on the pH value, as with the Fenton process. The aim is to degrade up to 99% or more of phenol to avoid toxic byproducts [29] and the comparison with a state-of-the-art electrolysis system with a H 2 -generating cathode in an also novel reactor design and with ozonation and peroxone processes [30]. The oxidation of phenol involves several steps and intermediates before the degradation results in CO 2 and water as the final products [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Treatment Efficiency and Lowering the Operating Costs of Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes

Muddemann

Neuber²,

Haupt

et al. 2021

Processes

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Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOP®) are promising technologies for the decentralized treatment of water and will be important elements in achieving a circular economy. To overcome the drawback of the high operational expenses of EAOP® systems, two novel reactors based on a next-generation boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and a stainless steel cathode or a hydrogen-peroxide-generating gas diffusion electrode (GDE) are presented. This reactor design ensures the long-term stability of BDD anodes. The application potential of the novel reactors is evaluated with artificial wastewater containing phenol (COD of 2000 mg L−1); the reactors are compared to each other and to ozone and peroxone systems. The investigations show that the BDD anode can be optimized for a service life of up to 18 years, reducing the costs for EAOP® significantly. The process comparison shows a degradation efficiency for the BDD–GDE system of up to 135% in comparison to the BDD–stainless steel electrode combination, showing only 75%, 14%, and 8% of the energy consumption of the BDD–stainless steel, ozonation, and peroxonation systems, respectively. Treatment efficiencies of nearly 100% are achieved with both novel electrolysis reactors. Due to the current density adaptation and the GDE integration, which result in energy savings as well as the improvements that significantly extend the lifetime of the BDD electrode, less resources and raw materials are consumed for the power generation and electrode manufacturing processes.

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“…At present, the industrial production is based on the anthraquinone process [2], but the electrochemical in situ generation of H 2 O 2 enables other applications, especially in wastewater treatment [3,4]. An innovative concept to reduce organic contamination is the combination of a hydroxyl radical generating boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and a cathodic H 2 O 2 producing gas diffusion electrode (H 2 O 2 -GDE) [5]. Such a double oxidant generating system is not commercially available yet, probably due to commercially unavailable high-yielding H 2 O 2 -GDEs applicable at higher current densities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) and (4)), which is competitive with the four-electron step (Eqs. (2) and (5)) and the electrochemical H 2 O 2 reduction (Eq. (3)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Operating Parameters for Hydrogen Peroxide‐Generating Gas Diffusion Electrodes

Muddemann

Haupt

Sievers

et al. 2020

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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The influence of process parameters on the H2O2 yield of gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) are investigated. The investigated GDEs consist of Vulcan XC72 carbon black and PTFE on gold‐plated nickel wire cloth. An electrolysis cell is used to evaluate the influence of various process parameters, such as temperature, pH value, oxygen pressure and stoichiometric factor, electrolyte flow regime, current density and separator material at steady‐state conditions. It is found that the investigated GDE enables current efficiencies greater than 90 % at up to 2 kA m−2, whereby lower electrolyte temperatures and higher pH values contribute to higher H2O2 yields above 90 % current efficiency.

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Evaluation of a new electrochemical concept for vacuum toilet wastewater treatment – Comparison with ozonation and peroxone processes

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Electrochemical Reactors for Wastewater Treatment

Electrochemical Reactors for Wastewater Treatment

Improving the Treatment Efficiency and Lowering the Operating Costs of Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes

Improved Operating Parameters for Hydrogen Peroxide‐Generating Gas Diffusion Electrodes

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