Evaluation of a New System For the Kinetic Measurement of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase

Wilkinson, J. H.; Boutwell, Joseph H.; Winsten, Seymour

doi:10.1093/clinchem/15.6.487

Cited by 85 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The changes though significant were only modest in magnitude and also not observed in other related parameters. Changes in RDW-CV were also not dose dependent indicating self-limiting nature of the observed [17,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Evaluation of Histopathological and Biochemical Changes of Tamra Bhasma (A Copper Based Mineral Formulation) Repeated Dose Toxicity Study in Wistar Albino Rats

Bhaskar¹,

M.A²,

Pai³

et al. 2016

IJAR

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The objective of this present study was to evaluate safety profile of Tamra Bhasma with main emphasis on biochemical and histopathological changes in Wistar albino rats. Study design: The toxicity study was done by repeated dose on Wistar albino rats. Animals were made into three different categories or groups which contains ten rats in each group. Group I administered with 0.5% CMC & considered as vehicle control. Group II & III administered with Tamra Bhasma 1.98mg/kg & 9mg/kg respectively. These groups were administered the specific drug Tamra Bhasma for 28 consecutive days. On 28 th day after one hour of last dosing, animals were sacrificed. Data sources and extraction: The blood and important organs were subjected for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Results: The repeated administration of Tamra Bhasma didn't produce remarkable toxicity at therapeutic dose level. However Tamra Bhasma at five times of therapeutic dose produced changes in biochemical parameters such as there is an increase in the serum creatinine level. This was without concomitant increase in serum urea level-which was found to be decreased. Total bilirubin level was found to be elevated. Kidney sections from Tamra Bhasma administered at 5 times of TED has shown necrotic changes in the tubular epithelium, vacuolization oedema in the interstial tissue and focal cell infiltration however, the cyto-architecture of the other important organs were not affected in a drastic manner. Conclusion: The repeated administration of test drugs at therapeutic dose level confirms their relative safety; however at high dose level they may have some concern related to renal functioning and hence the benefits of repeated administration of Tamra Bhasma outweighed the toxic potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Evaluation of Histopathological and Biochemical Changes of Tamra Bhasma (A Copper Based Mineral Formulation) Repeated Dose Toxicity Study in Wistar Albino Rats

Bhaskar¹,

M.A²,

Pai³

et al. 2016

IJAR

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“…Four infants had sufficient serum samples for the measurement of 250HD2 and 250HD3. They were 23 and 25.8 ng/ml, 15 and 12 ng/ml, 18.3 and 12 ng/ml, 15 and 7.5 ng/ml, at 175, 170, 30, and 22 days, respectively, after entry into the study. These were within the normal ranges for infants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Vitamin D Requirement in Infants Receiving Parenteral Nutrition

Koo

Tsang

Steichen

et al. 1987

Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

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The adequacy of low dose vitamin D (25 IU/dl) parenteral nutrition (PN) solution was studied in 18 infants. All infants had surgical indications for PN. The birth weights were 2810 +-135 g and gestational ages 37.4 f 0.5 wk (mean f SEM). Duration of study ranged from 5 to 175 days. Thirteen infants were studied for up to 6 weeks and five infants for 71 to 175 days. Results showed that studied infants maintained growth along normal percentiles for weight, length, and head circumference. Vitamin D status as indicated by serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD) rose from 15 f 1.9 ng/ml to 26 f 2.8 ng/ml, mean & SEM (p < 0.001) after 9 days, and remained normal up to 6 months. Five infants with biochemical liver dysfunction also had normal serum 25 OHD concentrations, indicating the hepatic 25 hydroxylation process was not severely impaired. Serum total and ionized calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D-binding protein concentrations were normal. Serum magnesium was mildly elevated in five infants (2.6 to 3 mg/dl) on one occasion and resolved spontaneously. Serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) concentrations rose above baseline values in 12 of 17 infants, but remained within normal range ((400 IU/liter a t 30°C). Another infant with markedly elevated AP values died from liver dysfunction. Radiographs of the forearms were normal except for marked demineralization in one infant in spite of normal 25 OHD concentrations. We conclude that 25 IU vitamin D/dl of nutrient infusate is adequate to maintain normal vitamin D status, as indicated by normal serum 25 OHD concentrations in infants receiving PN for as long as 6 months. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 11:172-176, 1987)The vitamin D content of parenteral nutrition (PN) solution usually is arbitrarily adjusted according to its availability in standard multivitamin preparations. The quantity of vitamin D administered to infants receiving PN has ranged from approximately 50 IU1 to 1000 IU or more's3 daily. The recommended daily vitamin D intake for infants receiving PN, from the American Academy of Pediatrics4 and the American Medical Association Nutrition Advisory is based on body weight (40 IU vitamin D/kg) and is up to 400 IU. The latter value is the same as the recommended dietary allowances for infants feeding orally.6 However, there are no systematic data to determine the amount of vitamin D required to maintain normal vitamin D status in infants receiving PN.The predominant action of vitamin D metabolites is to increase calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) absorption from the Thus, when Ca and P are supplied intravenously in parenteral nutrition (ie, bypassing the intestine), the intravenous vitamin D requirement might be minimal. Furthermore, it has been suggested that vitamin D in the nutrient infusate may be the cause of hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria and metabolic bone disease in adults on long-term PN.'s9 The discontinuation of vitamin D in PNs.9 or the discontinuation of PN' O in several studies apparently resulted in resolution of hypercalcemia, decreased urinary Ca...

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“…Ltd., Mumbai). The parameters were blood glucose, 9 urea, 10 creatinine, 11 total cholesterol 12 HDL-cholesterol, 13 triglyceride, 14 VLDLcholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, 15 total protein, 16 albumin, globulin, 17 alkaline Phosphatase, 18 SGOT, 19 SGPT, 20 uric acid, 21 direct bilirubin, 22 total bilirubin 23 and serum calcium. 24 The important internal organs were carefully dissected namely liver, kidney.…”

Section: Chronic Toxicity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological Studies of Chaturmukha Rasa, an Ayurvedic Formulation

Sharma¹,

Tiwari²,

Sharma³

et al. 2019

IJPER

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Objectives: Chaturmukha Rasa is aspecial, Ayurvedic mercurial preparation broadly used by local practitioners and traditional healers. This research is an endeavour to perform acute and chronic oral toxicity assessment of Chaturmukha Rasa along with an adjuvant Erandapatra (solidified aqueous extract of Ricinus communis Linn.) in wistar rats. Methods: Oral acute toxicity study was performed at 2000mg/kg orally, which was considered as limit dose. The chronic toxicity study was carried out with administration of Chaturmukha Rasa with adjuvant at three therapeutic equivalent doses i.e. TED (45mg/kg, orally), TEDx5 (225 mg/kg, orally) and TEDx10 (450 mg/kg, orally) for 90 daysand an additional recovery group of therapeutic equivalent dose×10 for 30-day observation after the treatment period. Results: The result of acute toxicity showed that drug did not create any signs and symptoms of toxicity or no mortality was shown to an oral dose of 2000 mg/ kg in rats. The results of chronic toxicity study showed that the drug even at level as high as dose of TEDx10 had no significant effect at all on haematological and body weight parameters. The drug but, at dose of TEDx10 showed mild to moderate unfavourable changes in kidney and liver. The experiential changes were not seen at the lower dose levels. Hence, it is suggested that the Chaturmukha Rasa, along with the adjuvant prepared as per the traditional method, is secure for utilization at the therapeutic dose level.

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Evaluation of a New System For the Kinetic Measurement of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase

Cited by 85 publications

References 4 publications

Evaluation of Histopathological and Biochemical Changes of Tamra Bhasma (A Copper Based Mineral Formulation) Repeated Dose Toxicity Study in Wistar Albino Rats

Evaluation of Histopathological and Biochemical Changes of Tamra Bhasma (A Copper Based Mineral Formulation) Repeated Dose Toxicity Study in Wistar Albino Rats

Vitamin D Requirement in Infants Receiving Parenteral Nutrition

Toxicological Studies of Chaturmukha Rasa, an Ayurvedic Formulation

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