Evaluation of a nuclear score for p16INK4a-stained cervical squamous cells in liquid-based cytology samples

Abstract

The 546‐base pair enhancer of limb expression HACNS1, which is highly constrained in all terrestrial vertebrates, has accumulated 16 human‐specific changes after the human‐chimpanzee split. There has been discussion whether this process was driven by positive selection or biased gene conversion, without considering population data. We studied 83 South Amerindian, 11 Eskimo, 35 Europeans, 37 Bantu, and non‐Bantu Sub‐Saharan speakers, and 28 Brazilian mestizo samples and found no variation in this DNA region. Similar lack of variability in this region was found in four Africans, five Europeans or Euro‐derived, two Asians, one Paleo‐Eskimo, and one Neandertal sequence, whose whole genomes are publicly available. No difference was found. This result favors the interpretation of past positive and present conservative selection, as would expected in a region which influences Homo‐specific traits as important as opposable thumbs, manual dexterity, and bipedal walking. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Evaluation of cervical cone biopsies for coexpression of p16INK4a and Ki‐67 in epithelial cells

“…34 Based on our results, it is very well conceivable that the detection of p16 INK4a -positive cells that simultaneously coexpress Ki-67 within the same cell in cervical cytology preparations may identify cervical epithelial cells with deregulated cell cycle control mediated by HR-HPV oncogene expression and thus may be indicative of cervical dysplasia. The presented data strongly suggest that the immunohistochemical staining for p16…”

Interobserver reproducibility and accuracy of p16/Ki‐67 dual‐stain cytology in cervical cancer screening

“…A previous p16 assay required morphologic evaluation of p16-stained cells to discriminate HPVtransformed cells from metaplastic cells. 8 To improve specificity and to reduce subjectivity, the proliferation marker Ki-67 was added to the assay. The test is considered positive when staining for both p16 and Ki-67 is observed in the same cell, obviating the need for morphologic evaluation.…”

Up-regulation of expression and lack of 5' CpG island hypermethylation of p16 INK4ain HPV-positive cervical carcinomas

“…The p16 ink4a overexpression is an indicator of aberrant expression of viral oncogenes and HPV-induced transformation of epithelial cells [10]. Several research groups (including us) have demonstrated by immunohistochemical technique a manifold increase of the p16 ink4a expression in cervical dysplasia and carcinomas in comparison with that in normal epithelium [16][17][18][19] There is an abundant evidence demonstrating that immunohisto-/cytochemical detection of the protein p16 ink4a is a promising test for revealing the HPV-infected cells with malignant potential [ [10,20], for review see [21]]. Thus, the detection of the protein p16 ink4a overexpression is especially useful for early diagnostics of HR-HPV-associated cervical cancer.…”