Evaluation of a questionnaire to detect the risk of developing ESGD or EGGD in horses

Busechian, Sara; Micaela, Sgorbini; Orvieto, Simona; Lorenzo, Piera Di; Zappulla, Francesco; Briganti, Angela; Nocera, Irene; Conte, Giuseppe; Rueca, Fabrizio

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105285

Cited by 13 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It has been shown that the risk of ESGD increases with an increase in the intensity of exercise and the duration of time at work. 36 , 37 This association is well recognized in Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses, 20 , 37–41 but has also been shown in elite endurance horses, 42 show jumping warmbloods 38 and other non-racing performance horses. 43 Strenuous exercise causes an increase in intraabdominal pressure associated with contraction of the abdominal muscles.…”

Section: Prevalence and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…These include the trainer, high starch/low roughage diets, fasting, stall confinement, transport, intermittent access to water and administration of hypertonic solutions of electrolytes. 36 , 46–49 Exposure to a combination of a high starch diet, stall confinement and strenuous exercise has been shown to induce lesions in as little as 7 days; and intermittent fasting is so effective at inducing lesions that it is used as a model for ESGD in experimental studies. 50 , 51 Intermittent fasting disrupts normal pH stratification of gastric content, thereby allowing high concentrations of HCL and refluxed bile to mix in the dorsal stomach.…”

Section: Prevalence and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 81 Owner questionnaires have also been investigated as a diagnostic tool. 36 , 82 A recent study found that a questionnaire was not useful for predicting the presence and the severity of lesions detected during gastroscopic examination. 36 However, answers to some of the questions did correlate with the development of gastric lesions.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 36 , 82 A recent study found that a questionnaire was not useful for predicting the presence and the severity of lesions detected during gastroscopic examination. 36 However, answers to some of the questions did correlate with the development of gastric lesions. Such questionnaires may be a useful tool to evaluate the risk of ESGD but cannot replace gastroscopic examination to make a definitive diagnosis.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equine Squamous Gastric Disease: Prevalence, Impact and Management

Hewetson¹,

Tallon²

2021

VMRR

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This narrative review explores the etiopathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of ESGD (equine squamous gastric disease) and discusses the impact of this commonly encountered condition on the equine industry. ESGD refers specifically to peptic injury of the squamous mucosa of the stomach. Prevalence is highest in performance horses, but the disease has been documented across many breeds and ages, including in feral horses and foals. The pathogenesis of ESGD is well understood. Intensive management and exercise are important factors that contribute to a disruption of the normal stratification of gastric pH. This results in exposure of the vulnerable squamous mucosa to acid, leading to ulceration. Clinical signs are variable and there is little evidence to support a direct association between reported signs and the presence or absence of lesions seen on gastroscopy. Management is aimed at acid suppression and mitigation of known risk factors.

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Section: Prevalence and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Prevalence and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equine Squamous Gastric Disease: Prevalence, Impact and Management

Hewetson¹,

Tallon²

2021

VMRR

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“…In the case of EGUS, the European College of Equine Internal Medicine (ECEIM) Consensus Statement (2015) distinguishes two different diseases depending on which region anatomically is affected: the Equine Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD) and the Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD) [ 10 ]. Their multifactorial nature and non-specific clinical signs have increased the interest in identifying possible analytes that could both help clarify the pathophysiology and serve as biomarkers of disease [ 9 , 11 , 12 ]. In this sense, oxidative changes in serum have been reported in horses with EGUS independent of the EGUS type [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Oxidative Status Biomarkers in Saliva and Serum in the Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome and Colic of Intestinal Aetiology: A Pilot Study

Contreras-Aguilar

Rubio

González-Arostegui

et al. 2022

Animals

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Changes in the oxidative status of the blood of horses suffering from gastric ulcers and colic of intestinal aetiology (CIE) have been reported. However, saliva can also be a source of biomarkers of oxidative status. Therefore, this study aims to validate automated assays for the measurement of oxidative status biomarkers (ferric reducing ability of saliva/serum—FRAS/FRAP, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity—CUPRAC, the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity—TEAC, uric acid, and advanced oxidation protein products—AOPP) in the saliva and serum of horses, to assess their changes in the different ulcer gastric diseases (squamous—ESGD and glandular—EGGD) and CIE, and to evaluate their relationship with serum amyloid A (SAA), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) status. The assays showed a low imprecision and good linearity with enough sensitivity in both fluids. In EGGD, higher levels of FRAS, uric acid, and AOPP in saliva were observed compared to the healthy group, correlating with the salivary ADA levels. Horses with CIE showed increases in uric acid concentrations in serum associated with their SIRS status and outcome of the disease. In conclusion, analytes related to the oxidative status can be measured in the saliva and serum from horses by automated assays, and some of them can potentially be assessed as biomarkers in horses with gastric ulcers and CIE.

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