Evaluation of a range of extracorporeal membrane oxygenators

Gourlay, Terence; Fleming, John; Taylor, KM; Aslam, Mohammed

doi:10.1177/026765919000500206

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…12 Several papers have described a much lower, or even nonexistent, generation of GME with the introduction of membrane oxygenators. 13,14 However, there is much controversy amongst authors about the GME generation of a given device. 6,13 This inconsistency probably has its origin in the nonquantitative nature of the data generated by bubble counters and in the severe limitations of accurately counting GME by ultrasonic techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,14 However, there is much controversy amongst authors about the GME generation of a given device. 6,13 This inconsistency probably has its origin in the nonquantitative nature of the data generated by bubble counters and in the severe limitations of accurately counting GME by ultrasonic techniques. 10,14 Indeed, problems can occur from the angle and coupling of the ultrasonic transducer, the frequency and pulse length of the device, the electrical circuitry employed, bubble diameter and shape, tubing diameter and curvature, amount of air and speed at which air is introduced, red cell interference, and the rate of blood flow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can an oxygenator design potentially contribute to air embolism in cardiopulmonary bypass? A novel method for the determination of the air removal capabilities of neonatal membrane oxygenators

Somer

Dierickx

Dujardin³

et al. 1998

Perfusion

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At present, air handling of a membrane oxygenator is generally studied by using an ultrasonic sound bubble counter. However, this is not a quantitative method and it does not give any information on where air was entrapped in the oxygenator and if it eventually was removed through the membrane for gas exchange. The study presented here gives a novel technique for the determination of the air-handling characteristics of a membrane oxygenator. The study aimed at defining not only the amount of air released by the oxygenator, but also the amount of air trapped within the oxygenator and/or removed through the gas exchange membrane. Two neonatal membrane oxygenators without the use of an arterial filter were investigated: the Polystan Microsafe and the Dideco Lilliput. Although the air trap function of both oxygenators when challenged with a bolus of air was similar, the Microsafe obtained this effect mainly by capturing the air in the heat exchanger compartment while the Lilliput did remove a large amount of air through the membrane. In conclusion, the difference in trap function was most striking during continuous infusion of air. Immediate contact with a microporous membrane, avoidance of high velocities within the oxygenator, pressure drop, transit time and construction of the fibre mat all contribute to the air-handling characteristics of a membrane oxygenator.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can an oxygenator design potentially contribute to air embolism in cardiopulmonary bypass? A novel method for the determination of the air removal capabilities of neonatal membrane oxygenators

Somer

Dierickx

Dujardin³

et al. 1998

Perfusion

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“…These findings are consistent with similar earlier studies. 3 We also could not demonstrate any significant protective effect of a lower temperature on the air handling capability of oxygenators.…”

Section: Design Features Of Oxygenatorsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Air handling characteristics of five membrane oxygenators

et al. 1994

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This project looked at the potential of five different membrane oxygenators to allow passage of catastrophic quantities of air in a clinically simulated environment. All the oxygenators were set up in an identical circuit using heparinized human blood as the perfusate. The study was carried out at flow rates ranging from 1.0 to 6.0 l/min. The clinical situation of obstructed venous drainage was simulated by clamping the venous return line at each respective flow rate, while the initial level of blood in the open system hard shell venous reservoir was maintained at 600 ml. The time interval between the application of the clamp on the venous line and the first appearance of macroscopic air in the arterial line was recorded at each level of flow rate. A graph of time versus flow rate was plotted for each oxygenator type. At a flow rate of 6 l/min, the Safe II oxygenator took 20 seconds to allow passage of air after the venous line was clamped, while it took the Bentley Univox Oxygenator only 10 seconds. The Dideco oxygenator, which has a valve incorporated in its reservoir, did not, however, allow any air to be pumped forward at all. At low rates, some of the oxygenators offered protection against passage of air into the arterial line. Thus the Cobe oxygenator offered protection at flow rates of less than 2 l/min, the Safe II oxygenator at flow rates of up to 2.5 l/min and the Bard oxygenator at flow rates up to 3 l/min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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“…Oxygenators have evolved over the years. The first oxygenators, a bubble oxygenator and a rotating disc, were built in 1950 [ 9 , 10 ]. However, trauma to the blood was observed due to the direct exposure of the blood to the gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Optimization of a Phototherapy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator for Treating Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

et al. 2023

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We designed a photo-ECMO device to speed up the rate of carbon monoxide (CO) removal by using visible light to dissociate CO from hemoglobin (Hb). Using computational fluid dynamics, fillets of different radii (5 cm and 10 cm) were applied to the square shape of a photo-ECMO device to reduce stagnant blood flow regions and increase the treated blood volume while being constrained by full light penetration. The blood flow at different flow rates and the thermal load imposed by forty external light sources at 623 nm were modeled using the Navier-Stokes and convection–diffusion equations. The particle residence times were also analyzed to determine the time the blood remained in the device. There was a reduction in the blood flow stagnation as the fillet radii increased. The maximum temperature change for all the geometries was below 4 °C. The optimized device with a fillet radius of 5 cm and a blood priming volume of up to 208 cm3 should decrease the time needed to treat CO poisoning without exceeding the critical threshold for protein denaturation. This technology has the potential to decrease the time for CO removal when treating patients with CO poisoning and pulmonary gas exchange inhibition.

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Evaluation of a range of extracorporeal membrane oxygenators

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Can an oxygenator design potentially contribute to air embolism in cardiopulmonary bypass? A novel method for the determination of the air removal capabilities of neonatal membrane oxygenators

Can an oxygenator design potentially contribute to air embolism in cardiopulmonary bypass? A novel method for the determination of the air removal capabilities of neonatal membrane oxygenators

Air handling characteristics of five membrane oxygenators

Design Optimization of a Phototherapy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator for Treating Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

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