Evaluation of a rapid whole blood immunochromatographic assay for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria

Fernando, Sumadhya Deepika; Karunaweera, N.D.; Fernando, W. P.

doi:10.4038/cmj.v49i1.3276

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although this test also demonstrated 100% specificity, its global performance index was lower than the other two RDTS, due to its reduced performance at parasite densities below 5000/μL. Reduced sensitivity at this level of parasitaemia is not unusual in P. vivax detecting RDTs; field evaluations of the Standard Diagnostics FK70 RDT and ICT malaria Pf/Pv yielded reductions in sensitivity of 19% and 26% below 5,000/μL, respectively [28,29]. In the present study, test sensitivity was also markedly reduced from 98% to 82%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field trial of three different Plasmodium vivax- detecting rapid diagnostic tests with and without evaporative cool box storage in Afghanistan

Mikhail

Leslie

Mayan

et al. 2011

Malar J

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BackgroundAccurate parasitological diagnosis of malaria is essential for targeting treatment where more than one species coexist. In this study, three rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) (AccessBio CareStart (CSPfPan), CareStart PfPv (CSPfPv) and Standard Diagnostics Bioline (SDBPfPv)) were evaluated for their ability to detect natural Plasmodium vivax infections in a basic clinic setting. The potential for locally made evaporative cooling boxes (ECB) to protect the tests from heat damage in high summer temperatures was also investigated.MethodsVenous blood was drawn from P. vivax positive patients in Jalalabad, Afghanistan and tested against a panel of six RDTs. The panel comprised two of each test type; one group was stored at room temperature and the other in an ECB. RDT results were evaluated against a consensus gold standard based on two double-read reference slides and PCR. The sensitivity, specificity and a measure of global performance for each test were determined and stratified by parasitaemia level and storage condition.ResultsIn total, 306 patients were recruited, of which 284 were positive for P. vivax, one for Plasmodium malariae and none for Plasmodium falciparum; 21 were negative. All three RDTs were specific for malaria. The sensitivity and global performance index for each test were as follows: CSPfPan [98.6%, 95.1%], CSPfPv [91.9%, 90.5%] and SDBPfPv [96.5%, 82.9%], respectively. CSPfPv was 16% less sensitive to a parasitaemia below 5,000/μL. Room temperature storage of SDBPfPv led to a high proportion of invalid results (17%), which reduced to 10% in the ECB. Throughout the testing period, the ECB maintained ~8°C reduction over ambient temperatures and never exceeded 30°C.ConclusionsOf the three RDTs, the CSPfPan test was the most consistent and reliable, rendering it appropriate for this P. vivax predominant region. The CSPfPv test proved unsuitable owing to its reduced sensitivity at a parasitaemia below 5,000/μL (affecting 43% of study samples). Although the SDBPfPv device was more sensitive than the CSPfPv test, its invalid rate was unacceptably high. ECB storage reduced the proportion of invalid results for the SDBPfPv test, but surprisingly had no impact on RDT sensitivity at low parasitaemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies that have been undertaken in the field indicate that the sensitivity of a number of vivax-detecting RDTs is greatly reduced at low parasitaemia [15,28,29]. Laboratory-based analyses also demonstrate that Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) detecting antibodies are particularly vulnerable to heat degradation above 30°C [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field trial of three different Plasmodium vivax- detecting rapid diagnostic tests with and without evaporative cool box storage in Afghanistan

Mikhail

Leslie

Mayan

et al. 2011

Malar J

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“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Compared with antibody detection tests for malaria diagnosis, which have a limited sensitivity, the antigen capture tests have permitted rapid diagnosis of malaria, but are accepted to have a lower sensitivity and specificity than microscopy, especially for the diagnosis of vivax malaria. [17][18][19][20] By carrying out PCR, we assumed that we did not miss parasitaemia at sub-patent levels not detected by microscopy. It may be assumed that the fever cases detected during this study were caused by an agent other than the malaria parasite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of Asymptomatic Malaria Infections in Previously High Endemic Areas of Sri Lanka

Fernando

Abeyasinghe²,

Galappaththy³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. As the goal of malaria elimination from Sri Lanka is currently being pursued, this study was planned to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infections. Five health areas in Trincomalee and Kurunegala districts that reported high prevalence in the recent past were purposively selected. The smallest administrative units (GN divisions) having high malaria risk within each area were identified. From these divisions, 20% of the population was randomly selected for blood smear examination and in a 50% sub-sample polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed. A population of 3,730 from 13 GN divisions was sampled. Thick and thin Giemsa-stained blood smears were negative for malaria parasites. The PCR carried out in 50% of the study sample was also negative for malaria parasites. The findings illustrate the absence of asymptomatic carriers in previously high transmission areas and it appears that achieving malaria elimination in Sri Lanka by 2015 is feasible.

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“…Combined ICT designed to detect different species in the same assay has been developed for B. bigemina / B bovis and for B. caballi / Thelieria equi [55, 56]. The implementation of tests using highly specific monoclonal antibodies, and those designed to identify the parasites directly from a blood sample, which are very much needed to diagnose acute babesiosis, have yet to be developed; although there is hope since there are already commercial tests for malaria [57]. To date, ICT not yet commercially available in any country.…”

Section: Detection Methods Of Babesiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Advances in Detection and Treatment of Babesiosis

Mosqueda

Olvera-Ramírez

Aguilar-Tipacamú

et al. 2012

CMC

260

186

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Babesiosis is a disease with a world-wide distribution affecting many species of mammals principally cattle and man. The major impact occurs in the cattle industry where bovine babesiosis has had a huge economic effect due to loss of meat and beef production of infected animals and death. Nowadays to those costs there must be added the high cost of tick control, disease detection, prevention and treatment. In almost a century and a quarter since the first report of the disease, the truth is: there is no a safe and efficient vaccine available, there are limited chemotherapeutic choices and few low-cost, reliable and fast detection methods. Detection and treatment of babesiosis are important tools to control babesiosis. Microscopy detection methods are still the cheapest and fastest methods used to identify Babesia parasites although their sensitivity and specificity are limited. Newer immunological methods are being developed and they offer faster, more sensitive and more specific options to conventional methods, although the direct immunological diagnoses of parasite antigens in host tissues are still missing. Detection methods based on nucleic acid identification and their amplification are the most sensitive and reliable techniques available today; importantly, most of those methodologies were developed before the genomics and bioinformatics era, which leaves ample room for optimization. For years, babesiosis treatment has been based on the use of very few drugs like imidocarb or diminazene aceturate. Recently, several pharmacological compounds were developed and evaluated, offering new options to control the disease. With the complete sequence of the Babesia bovis genome and the B. bigemina genome project in progress, the post-genomic era brings a new light on the development of diagnosis methods and new chemotherapy targets. In this review, we will present the current advances in detection and treatment of babesiosis in cattle and other animals, with additional reference to several apicomplexan parasites.

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Evaluation of a rapid whole blood immunochromatographic assay for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

Field trial of three different Plasmodium vivax- detecting rapid diagnostic tests with and without evaporative cool box storage in Afghanistan

Field trial of three different Plasmodium vivax- detecting rapid diagnostic tests with and without evaporative cool box storage in Afghanistan

Absence of Asymptomatic Malaria Infections in Previously High Endemic Areas of Sri Lanka

Current Advances in Detection and Treatment of Babesiosis

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