Evaluation of a taste sensor instrument (electronic tongue) for use in formulation development

Lorenz, Julie K.; Reo, Joseph; Hendl, Ondrej; Worthington, Jeffrey H.; Petrossian, Vanik D.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.09.042

Cited by 89 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A number of pharmaceutical laboratories around the world are using this instrument to assess the bitterness of NCEs/APIs and the masking efficiency of NMIs. In addition, it is used in placebo development, in taste matching of formulations, and in unknown-to-reference comparisons (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). The e-Tongue consists of an array of liquid electrochemical sensors coated with an organic mem-brane that governs the sensitivity and selectivity of each individual sensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Electronic Tongue: Evaluation of the Masking Efficacy of Sweetening and/or Flavoring Agents on the Bitter Taste of Epinephrine

et al. 2010

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Abstract. An epinephrine (E) tablet is under development for sublingual (SL) administration for the first-aid treatment of anaphylaxis; however, the inherent bitterness of E may hinder acceptability by patients, especially children. To assess the degree of E bitterness and to predict the masking effects of sweetening and/or flavoring non-medicinal ingredients (NMIs), the potential usefulness of an electronic tongue (e-Tongue) was evaluated. The e-Tongue sensors were conditioned, calibrated, and tested for taste discrimination. Six standard active pharmaceutical ingredients were used to build and validate a bitterness model which was then used to assess E bitartrate (EB) solutions from 0.3-9 mM. Tastemasking efficiency of aspartame (ASP), acesulfame potassium (ASK), and citric acid (CA) each at 0.5 mM was evaluated. Using EB 9 mM, the bitterness score was 20 on a scale of 20 (unacceptable) down to 1 (not detected). When NMIs 0.5 mM were added, neither ASK (17.2, unacceptable) nor was ASP (14.0, limit acceptable) effective in masking the bitter taste. When the combination of ASK and ASP was used, the bitterness score was reduced to 9.2 (acceptable). However, the addition of CA alone resulted in the best reduction of the bitterness score to 3.3 (not detected). Using the e-Tongue, the incorporation of a variety of sweetening and/or flavoring NMIs into a SL tablet of E could be shown to mask its bitter taste by up to 80%. These results should be confirmed by in vivo studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Electronic Tongue: Evaluation of the Masking Efficacy of Sweetening and/or Flavoring Agents on the Bitter Taste of Epinephrine

et al. 2010

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“…Typical areas of use for the e-tongue are taste masking and formulation development, comparative studies evaluating predictive ability, and bitterness assessment and attenuation. In addition, the e-tongue is used for characterizing taste masking attributes of solid oral dosage forms (e.g., taste masking as a function of time) and as a tool to determine the duration of formulation taste masking (31). The e-tongue's application in the food and pharmaceutical industries is continuing to grow as evident by the increase in interest and publications over time despite challenges (e.g., sensor response, reference standards, differences in the volume of liquid for electronic tongue/taste sensor vs. mouth, etc.…”

Section: Palatability and Swallowabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Product Quality: a Summary of the Second FDA/PQRI Conference

Akseli

Allen

et al. 2016

AAPS J

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“…The "electronic tongue" can be incorporated here in formulation development. The electronic tongue is a device which detects an electronic signal in a given formulation; the goal is to achieve an electronic signal of the formulation containing the active drug which is similar to formulation containing a placebo (25)(26)(27). A recent paper describes the use of the electronic tongue in formulating a palatable sodium phenylbutyrate preparation, an extremely difficult task (28).…”

Section: Palatability and Taste Maskingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Report from the Pediatric Formulations Task Force: Perspectives on the State of Child-Friendly Oral Dosage Forms

Zajicek

Fossler

Barrett

et al. 2013

AAPS J

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Abstract. Despite the fact that a significant percentage of the population is unable to swallow tablets and capsules, these dosage forms continue to be the default standard. These oral formulations fail many patients, especially children, because of large tablet or capsule size, poor palatability, and lack of correct dosage strength. The clinical result is often lack of adherence and therapeutic failure. The American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists formed a Pediatric Formulations Task Force, consisting of members with various areas of expertise including pediatrics, formulation development, clinical pharmacology, and regulatory science, in order to identify pediatric, manufacturing, and regulatory issues and areas of needed research and regulatory guidance. Dosage form and palatability standards for all pediatric ages, relative bioavailability requirements, and small batch manufacturing capabilities and creation of a viable economic model were identified as particular needs. This assessment is considered an important first step for a task force seeking creative approaches to providing more appropriate oral formulations for children.

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Evaluation of a taste sensor instrument (electronic tongue) for use in formulation development

Cited by 89 publications

References 16 publications

An Electronic Tongue: Evaluation of the Masking Efficacy of Sweetening and/or Flavoring Agents on the Bitter Taste of Epinephrine

An Electronic Tongue: Evaluation of the Masking Efficacy of Sweetening and/or Flavoring Agents on the Bitter Taste of Epinephrine

Advancing Product Quality: a Summary of the Second FDA/PQRI Conference

A Report from the Pediatric Formulations Task Force: Perspectives on the State of Child-Friendly Oral Dosage Forms

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