Evaluation of a wettable powder formulation for the nuclear polyhedrosis virus ofAnticarsia gemmatalis(Lep.: Noctuidae)

Medugno, Claudia Conti; Ferraz, J. M. G.; Maia, A. de H. N.; Freitas, Cláudio C. L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9063(199710)51:2<153::aid-ps615>3.0.co;2-2

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This is not a critical problem in the intensive periurban horticulture systems of Kenya or South Africa, but it is certainly a problem in most of SSA and the poor farmers most at risk from armyworm who generally lack access to refrigerators for storing BCA. The AgNPV product is a cheap, air-dried kaolin-formulated biopesticide with good long-term storage properties (Medungno et al 1997). It has long been recognised that BCA should have a shelf-life of at least 2 years and preferably 4 years (Burges and Jones 1998) and, given the episodic outbreak pattern of armyworms, this is especially important for SpexNPV.…”

Section: Production Of Spexnpv For Poor Farmersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of indigenous ecological resources for pest control in Africa

Grzywacz

Stevenson

Mushobozi³

et al. 2013

Food Sec.

117

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Reducing the losses from crop pests will help to increase food availability and boost economic growth in subSaharan Africa (SSA). However, the existing crop protection paradigm that relies on synthetic agrochemical pesticides has had only a marginal impact on the productivity of many poor smallholder farmers who constitute a major segment of agriculture in SSA. This is primarily because many of them are not able to afford or access these imported chemicals. A solution to this crop protection problem may be to harness biological resources that are locally available, such as endemic insect natural enemies and indigenous pesticidal plant materials. Two specific examples of this already under development in Africa are the use of the pesticidal plant, Tephrosia vogelii, and the harvesting of the endemic insect baculovirus, Spodoptera exempta nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpexNPV). Both of these can be produced locally and have shown promise in trials as inexpensive and effective tools for pest control in Africa and their use is currently being scaled up and evaluated by African networks of researchers. A focus on these systems illustrates the potential for using locally-available natural resources for improved crop protection in Africa. The consideration of these pesticidal plants and insect natural enemies in the wider context of natural capital that provide valuable ecosystem services (including pest control), will facilitate greater recognition of their true economic and societal worth. While both of these model systems show promise, there are also very significant challenges to be overcome in developing production, supply and marketing systems that are economically viable and sustainable. The regulatory environment must also evolve to accommodate and facilitate the registration of new products and the establishment of appropriate supply chains that share the benefits of these resources equitably with the local communities from which they are harvested.

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Section: Production Of Spexnpv For Poor Farmersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of indigenous ecological resources for pest control in Africa

Grzywacz

Stevenson

Mushobozi³

et al. 2013

Food Sec.

117

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“…The evaluation of PIBs virulence was assayed in bioassays as described elsewhere (Medugno et al 1997). Briefly, PIBs were diluted in distilled water and 5ll of each dilution was applied to the surface of the larvae diet.…”

Section: Vıŕus Infection Pibs Production and Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Culture Derived AgMNPV Bioinsecticide: Biological Constraints and Bioprocess Issues

et al. 2005

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We have studied parameters for optimizing the Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cell culture and viral infection for the production of Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrosis virus (AgMNPV) polyhedra inclusion bodies (PIBs) in shaker-Schott or spinner bottles and bioreactors. We have assayed the k L a of the systems, initial cell seeding, cell culture volume, dissolved oxygen (DO), multiplicity of infection (MOI), nutrients consumption, and metabolites production. The medium surface oxygen transfer was shown to be higher in shaker bottles than in spinner ones, which was in direct correlation to the higher cell density obtained. Best quantitative performances of PIBs production were obtained with a SF900II medium volume/shaker-bottle volume ratio of 15% and MOI of 0.5 to 1 performed at a cell concentration at infection (CCI) of 1 to 2.5 · 10 6 cells/ml in a medium containing enough glucose and glutamine. Upon infection, a decrease in the cell multiplication was observed to be dependent on the MOI used, and the lX at the exponential growth phase in infected and non-infected cultures were, respectively, of 0.2832 and 0.3914 (day À1 ). The glucose consumption and lactate production were higher in the infected cultures (lGlucose and lLactate of, respectively, 0.0248 and 0.0089 · 10 À8 g/cell · day in infected cultures and 0.0151 and 0.0046 · 10 À8 g/cell · day in non infected ones). The glutamine consumption did not differ in both cultures (lGlutamine of 0.0034 and 0.0037 · 10 À8 g/cell · day in, respectively, infected and non infected cultures). When a virus MOI of 0.1 to 1 was used for infection, a higher concentration of PIBs/ml was obtained. This was in direct correlation to a higher cell concentration present in these cultures, where a decrease in cell multiplication due to virus infection is minimized. When a MOI of 1 was used, a more effective decrease in cell multiplication was observed and a lower concentration of PIBs/ml was obtained, but with the best performance of PIBs/cell. Correlations between MOI and CCI indicate that a MOI 0.1 to 1.4 and a CCI of 10 6 to 2 · 10 6 cells/ml led to the best PIBs production performances. The virulence of PIBs produced in cultures infected at low or high MOI showed comparable DL 50 . Culture and infection in scaling-up conditions, performed in a bioreactor, were shown to provide the cells with a better environment and be capable of potentially improving the shaker-Schott findings. For an accurate qualitative control of PIB virulence, hemolymph from AgMNPV infected Anticarsia gemmatalis was used as starting material for passages in Sf9 cells. These led to a loss of virulence among the PIBs with an increase in the DL 50 . The loss Cytotechnology (2005)

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“…However, samples of the same formulations stored at refrigerated temperatures for more than two years did not lose activity. Previous research with similar virus formulations (Tamez- Guerra et al 2002) showed reduced activity after storage at room temperatures for 1 yr. Medugno et al (1997) reported no loss of activity for three of four formulations of Anticarsia gemmatalis polyhedrosis virus prepared by spray drying with clays and stored at room temperature for 1 yr. Thus, higher storage temperatures seem well correlated with reduced insecticidal activity of baculovirus for both unformulated and formulated samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Activity and Storage Stability of Anagrapha falcifera Nucleopolyhedrovirus (AfMNPV) in Spray-Dried Lignin-Based Formulations

Behle

Tamez‐Guerra

McGuire³

2003

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A multiple-embedded nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV) has potential to be developed into a microbial bioinsecticide because the host range includes several economic pests. We tested spray-dried AfMNPV formulations after storage for insecticidal activity based on bioassays with neonate Trichoplusia ni (Hübner). Eight experimental lignin-based spray-dried formulations, a glycerin-based formulation, and an unformulated sample were made with virus stock from three commercial production lots. Samples of these formulations were stored at 30 degrees C in individually sealed sample containers for destructive sampling after 1, 3, and 6 mo whereas the remaining product was stored in glass jars under refrigeration for up to 30 mo. Spray drying did not significantly reduce the initial LC50s of AfMNPV in experimental formulations compared with unformulated virus that was not spray dried. Refrigerated storage for 6 mo did not significantly lower virus activity of formulated samples compared with the unformulated AfMNPV stored frozen, while samples stored for 30 mo had higher LC50 values determined by both droplet and leaf feeding assays. When stored at 30 degrees C, most formulations (22 of 24) maintained insecticidal activity for 3 mo, but most (21 of 24) lost significant activity after 6 mo of storage. The glycerin-based formulation also lost activity within 6 mo of storage at 30 degrees C when compared with frozen unformulated virus, but did not lose activity when stored refrigerated for up to 30 mo. These formulations were evaluated after 7 mo at 4 degrees C for residual insecticidal activity when applied to field grown cabbage. Insecticidal activity was determined against T. ni neonates for treated leaf samples collected at 3, 7, 27, and 51 h after application of 2.5 x 10(12) obs/ha. Field tests showed no differences in activity among samples of stored formulations and one freshly made formulation. Spray-dried formulations had significantly higher insecticidal activity (67.5% mortality) compared with the unformulated treatment (30% mortality) sampled 3 h after application. At 3, 7, and 27 h after application, the spray-dried formulations had higher residual activity (67%, 59%, and 42% mortality, respectively), compared with the commercial glycerin-based formulation (61%, 38%, and 23% mortality, respectively). These experiments demonstrated that AfMNPV in lignin-based spray-dried formulations had a shelf-life of up to 3 mo at 30 degrees C and up to 30 mo at 4 degrees C, and with longer residual insecticidal activity in the field compared with unformulated or a glycerin formulation.

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Evaluation of a wettable powder formulation for the nuclear polyhedrosis virus ofAnticarsia gemmatalis(Lep.: Noctuidae)

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

The use of indigenous ecological resources for pest control in Africa

The use of indigenous ecological resources for pest control in Africa

Cell Culture Derived AgMNPV Bioinsecticide: Biological Constraints and Bioprocess Issues

Field Activity and Storage Stability of <I>Anagrapha falcifera</I> Nucleopolyhedrovirus (<I>Af</I>MNPV) in Spray-Dried Lignin-Based Formulations

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