Evaluation of Activated and Non-Activated Tar Sands for the Removal of Phenol and Cadmium from Aqueous Solutions

Zeatoun, Lua’y; Younis, Noor; Rafati, Rana

doi:10.2166/wqrj.2004.035

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the tap water samples, the concentration of 4-CP ranged from 9.96 × 10 −6 - 1.90 × 10 −5 mg/L, while 2,4-DCP was from 5.97 × 10 −6 - 1.90 × 10 −5 mg/L. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum permissible limit for phenol in potable water is ≤0.3 mg/L, stipulated for the protection of human health from potential adverse effects of phenol exposure via drinking water and/or contaminated animals and plants ( Zeatoun et al, 2004 ). Also, the European Community stipulates a concentration of 0.1 μg/L as the maximum permissible limit for phenol in drinking water ( Al-Janabi, 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic compounds occurrence and human health risk assessment in potable and treated waters in Western Cape, South Africa

Mhlongo,

Akharame,

Pereao

et al. 2024

Front. Toxicol.

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Phenolic pollutants from industrial and agricultural activities pose a major threat to the world’s potable water supply. The persistent micro-pollutants often find their way into drinking water sources with possible adverse human health implications. In this study, bottled water, tap water, and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent samples from the Boland region of the Western Cape, South Africa were assessed to determine 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) levels using HPLC/DAD instrumentation. The selected area is known for its vast agricultural ventures and wineries. Evaluation of the human health risk (cancer risk) for the pollutants was conducted using the hazard quotient (HQ). The Ames mutagenicity test was also conducted using the Salmonella typhimurium T98 and T100 strains and the S9 activation enzyme. Trace levels of the phenolics were detected in the samples with a range of 9.32 × 10−7—1.15 × 10−4 mg/L obtained for 4-CP, and 8.80 × 10−7—1.72 × 10−4 mg/L recorded for 2,4-DCP. Both compounds had levels below the limit of 0.01 mg/L prescribed by South African legislation. The assessed HQ for the phenolic concentrations indicates a low level of potential ecological risk and none of the samples had a cancer risk value that exceeded the regulatory limit. The possibility of the analyzed samples causing cancer is unlikely, but non-carcinogenic adverse effects were found. Strong mutagenicity was observed for the T98 strains with a potential ability to cause mutation toward the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide. The T100 bacterial strain showed very slight mutagenicity potential, however, it is unlikely to cause any mutation. The levels of phenolics in the potable water samples may pose a significant threat to human health. Hence, screening persistent organic chemicals in potable water sources and evaluating their potential human health effects is pertinent to prevent associated health challenges.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic compounds occurrence and human health risk assessment in potable and treated waters in Western Cape, South Africa

Mhlongo,

Akharame,

Pereao

et al. 2024

Front. Toxicol.

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“…Biosorption experiments were carried out at different initial pH values (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). The initial pH values were controlled using 0.1 M sodium hydroxide ( NaOH ) or 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl).…”

Section: Effect Of Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, olive stones and peach stones were also used for the removal of Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ and Cu 2+ . [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Sugarcane bagasse was widely used to remove heavy metals. [17][18][19] Sugarcane bagasse has around 50 % cellulose, 27 % polyoses, and 23% lignin, 20 which have many hydroxyl and/or phenolic functions that can chemically react to produce materials with new properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Chromium(vi) From Wastewater Using Citric Acid Modified Sugarcane Bagasse

Dean¹,

Hashem²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2019

ECB

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Toxic metals have been excessively released into the environment due to rapid industrialization and have created a major global concern. Cadmium, zinc, copper, nickel, lead, mercury and chromium are often detected in industrial wastewaters. Various methods are available in literature although some of them facing difficulties to be applied. The present study, bagasse from sugarcane industry was used to remove chromium(VI) ions from wastewater. This study presents the adsorption behavior of hexavalent chromium from wastewater using low cost adsorbent modified sugarcane bagasse with citric acid (SCB). The effect of the initial concentration of chromium(VI), biosorbent dosage, temperature, contact time, and pH were studied. It was found that maximum % removal of chromium(VI) is obtained 92.19 % at pH 1.2 and contact time 40 min. The removal is decreased with increase in concentration and also pH. The maximum biosorption capacities qe of chromium(VI) ions by SCB was 13.5 mg g-1. This work proved that treated bagasse can be used as an efficient adsorbent material for removal of heavy metals from wastewater such as chromium(VI).

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Phenol Removal from Aqueous System by Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Sulfoxide Extraction

Yang

Zou

Qiu

et al. 2014

Separation Science and Technology

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Evaluation of Activated and Non-Activated Tar Sands for the Removal of Phenol and Cadmium from Aqueous Solutions

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Phenolic compounds occurrence and human health risk assessment in potable and treated waters in Western Cape, South Africa

Phenolic compounds occurrence and human health risk assessment in potable and treated waters in Western Cape, South Africa

Removal of Chromium(vi) From Wastewater Using Citric Acid Modified Sugarcane Bagasse

Phenol Removal from Aqueous System by Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Sulfoxide Extraction

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