Evaluation of adaptation options for reducing soil erosion due to climate change in the Swat River Basin of Pakistan

Shrestha, Sangam; Sattar, Hira; Khattak, Muhammad Shahzad; Wang, Guo Qiang; Babur, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.106017

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Developing a climate change scenario involves considerable inherent uncertainties (Shrestha et al 2020). As these scenarios will be used in planning and decision-making processes, it is crucial to estimate a range of plausible future climate conditions in studies of climate change impact.…”

Section: Climate Change Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of urbanization and climate change on water quantity and quality in the Carp River watershed

Zango

Seidou

Sartaj

et al. 2021

Journal of Water and Climate Change

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Pressure on water resources has reached unprecedented levels during the last decades because of climate change, industrialization, and population growth. As a result, vulnerability to inappropriate water availability and/or quality is increasing worldwide. In this paper, a Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model of the Carp river watershed located in the city of Ottawa, Ontario was calibrated and validated. The model was then used to evaluate the individual and coupled impacts of urbanization and climate change on water quantity (discharge) and quality (nitrogen and phosphorus loads). While most of the watershed is currently rural, the headwaters will undergo rapid urbanization in the future, and there are concerns about possible negative impacts on water quantity and quality. Seven scenarios were developed to represent various watershed configurations in terms of land use and climate regime. Future climate time series were obtained by statistically downscaling the outputs of nine regional climate models, ran under representative concentration pathways (RCP)4.5 and RCP8.5. The impacts were evaluated at the main outlet and at the outlet of an upstream sub-watershed that would be most affected by urbanization. Results show that climate change and urbanization's impacts vary greatly depending on the spatial scale and geographic location. Globally, the annual average discharge will increase between 6.75 and 9.34% by 2050, while changes in annual average nitrogen and phosphorus loads will vary between −1.20 and 24.84%, and 19.15 and 23.81%, respectively. Local impacts in sub-watersheds undergoing rapid urbanization would be often much larger than watershed-scale impacts.

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Section: Climate Change Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of urbanization and climate change on water quantity and quality in the Carp River watershed

Zango

Seidou

Sartaj

et al. 2021

Journal of Water and Climate Change

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“…Upper reaches of the Awash River in Ethiopia based on the SWAT model, verifying the consistency between the simulation results and the measured values. Shrestha et al [17] used the SWAT model to analyze the relationship between climate, flow, and sediment production in the Swat River Basin in Pakistan, which suggested that developing a sedimentary basin was the most economical option for soil erosion mitigation management under climate change. A number of studies [18][19][20][21][22] adopted the SWAT hydrological model to analyze the impact of climate and human factors on runoff, believing that the influence of climate was decreasing, while the influence of man-made influence was increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using SWAT Model to Assess the Impacts of Land Use and Climate Changes on Flood in the Upper Weihe River, China

Yin-ge

Zhao

et al. 2022

Water

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Flood disasters have occurred frequently in recent years, but there is no consensus on the mechanism and influencing factors. Taking the upper reaches of Weihe River Basin as a case in Western China, a soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was established to quantitatively simulate the impact of land use and climate change on runoff changes, while 4 extreme land-use scenarios and 24 temperature and precipitation scenarios assumptions were proposed to simulate the response of runoff to land use and climate changes. The SWAT simulation results showed that the sensitivity parameters affecting the model simulation were the CANMX, CN2, SOL_K, CH_N2, and SOL_AWC. The correlation index R2 and the efficiency coefficient ENS of the upper Weihe River were both in the range of 0.75–0.78, the relative error PS between the simulated results and the measured runoff was below 10%, suggesting the good applicability of the SWAT model in this study area. Using the improved SWAT model to simulate the peak runoff (flood) simulation value is generally smaller than the measured value, and the absolute value of the error is less than 6%. The expansion of wasteland increased the runoff by over 90% on average, the expansion of cultivated land increased the runoff by 8% on average, and the expansion of woodland and grassland increased the surface runoff by 6% on average. When the precipitation decreased by 25% and the temperature increased by 22%, the smallest runoff was obtained in the simulation. Accordingly, when the precipitation increased by 25% and the temperature decreased by 22%, the maximum annual runoff was obtained. By decomposing the contribution rate of human activities and climate change to runoff, it showed that the contribution rate of human activities to the reduction of runoff was greater than that of climate change. This study can provide scientific reference for the simulation and prediction of future floods.

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“…Compared with climate change, the intervention of human activity on soil erosion is more intuitive, such as the effects of agriculture [ 19 ], changes in LULC [ 20 ], and the construction of water conservancy and soil conservation measures. Current research is mostly about the impact of the improvement of farming methods, changes in LULC types, and the arrangement of soil and water conservation measures dealing with soil erosion under individual or overlapping effects [ 21 ]. There are also studies based on historical monitoring data, using statistical analysis methods to determine the contribution of climate change and human influence on the runoff and sediment changes at the outlet of the basin [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid-Scale Impact of Climate Change and Human Influence on Soil Erosion within East African Highlands (Kagera Basin)

Yang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Under global climate change and pressure from human activities, soil erosion is becoming a major concern in the quest for regional sustainable development in the Kagera basin (KB). However, few studies in this region have comprehensively considered the impact of climate change and human influence on soil erosion, and the associated processes are unclear. Based on the premise of quantifying climate change, human influence, and soil erosion, this study undertook a neighborhood analysis as the theoretical support, for a grey relation analysis which was conducted to realize the qualitative assessment of the influence of climate change and human activities on soil erosion. The results show that 90.32% of the KB saw climate change as having a greater influence on soil erosion than human influence, with the remaining area 9.68% seeing human influence having a greater impact than climate change, mainly as a result of the effect of rangeland and farmland. The average soil erosion rate of the KB shows a very low level (10.54 t ha−1 yr−1), with rangeland and farmland being the main land use/land cover (LULC) types that see soil loss, followed by forest, wetland, and built-up areas. The climate change trends of the KB show the most dramatic changes in the northeast and southwest, gradually decreasing towards the line crossing from the Birunga National Park (Rwanda) to the Keza district (Tanzania). The human influence intensity (HII) shows a high level in the KB (21.93), where it is higher in the west and lower in the east of the basin.

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Evaluation of adaptation options for reducing soil erosion due to climate change in the Swat River Basin of Pakistan

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Impacts of urbanization and climate change on water quantity and quality in the Carp River watershed

Impacts of urbanization and climate change on water quantity and quality in the Carp River watershed

Using SWAT Model to Assess the Impacts of Land Use and Climate Changes on Flood in the Upper Weihe River, China

Grid-Scale Impact of Climate Change and Human Influence on Soil Erosion within East African Highlands (Kagera Basin)

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