Evaluation of adult and offspring thiamine deficiency in salmonine species from Lake Ontario

Futia, Matthew H.; Rinchard, Jacques

doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2019.05.010

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Two-sea-year-old salmon undergoing the spawning migration were sampled (red dots) from the Baltic Proper (BPr), Åland Sea (ÅS), Bothnian Sea (BS), Bothnian Bay (BB), and spawning salmon females in the River Simojoki (RS). Approximate feeding migration and spawning run are indicated by the yellow and blue broken lines respectively the tissues of a female into developing oocytes, a proportion or all of the offspring will die of thiamine deficiency during the yolk-sac phase [2,4,11,14].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, brown trout is a less fatty species than salmon and thus not as susceptible to dietary lipid-related thiamine deficiency [5]. An equivalent syndrome in many salmonine species of the Great Lakes in North America is called Thiamine Deficiency Complex (TDC) [2,5], and in Finger Lakes Atlantic salmon, Cayuga Syndrome [23]. These have been connected to preying on alewife [Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson)], which is a fatty species [5,24], and to strengthening of alewife stocks [25].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Free thiamine (THIAM) and two phosphorylated thiamine derivatives, TPP and TMP, have been analysed and totalled as total thiamine (TotTHIA) [39,55]. Although yolk-sac fry mortality also correlates with the concentration of TotTHIA in eggs, the strongest relationship has been recorded with the concentration of THIAM [2,4,54]. When it remains < 1.0 nmol g −1 , yolksac fry mortalities result [11].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The salmonines, fatty fish species in the Baltic Sea ( Fig. 1) and North American lakes, suffer from lipid-related thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, impairing reproduction [1,2]. Thiamine deficiency is connected to an abundant lipid-rich fish-based diet [1,[3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in thiamine concentrations, fatty acid composition, and some other lipid-related biochemical indices in Baltic Sea Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during the spawning run and pre-spawning fasting

et al. 2020

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Salmonines in the Baltic Sea and North American lakes suffer from thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, which is connected to an abundant lipid-rich diet containing substantial amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In the Baltic region, this is known as the M74 syndrome. It affects both adult salmon (Salmo salar) and especially their offspring, impairing recruitment. However, very little is known about the thiamine and lipid metabolism of salmon during feeding and spawning migrations in the Baltic Sea. In this study, salmon females were sampled along the spawning run from the southern Baltic Proper in four locations at sea and finally at spawning in a river at the Bothnian Bay in a year with insignificant M74 mortality. Changes in concentrations of thiamine and its components in muscle, ovaries, and the liver and other biochemical indices potentially relating to lipid and fatty acid metabolism were investigated. The results provide further evidence of the role of peroxidation of PUFAs in eliciting thiamine deficiency in salmon: During the entire spawning run, the muscle total lipid content decreased by 50%, palmitic acid (16:0) by 62%, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) by 45%. The concentration of total thiamine decreased significantly until the spawning in the liver and ovaries, 66 and 70% respectively. In the muscle, the proportion of thiamine pyrophosphate of total thiamine increased with the use of muscular lipid stores. There was no trend in the concentration of total carotenoids during the spawning run. The doubling of the concentration of hepatic malondialdehyde indicated peroxidation of PUFAs, and the mobilisation of body lipids suppressed the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, as consumed dietary lipids would also have done.

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Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in thiamine concentrations, fatty acid composition, and some other lipid-related biochemical indices in Baltic Sea Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during the spawning run and pre-spawning fasting

et al. 2020

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“…Among all families and across both years, we found a high degree of variation in survival (Figure b) and egg thiamine concentrations, with most females producing eggs that cannot survive without supplemental treatment (Figure c). Although thiamine concentration thresholds for mortality associated with thiamine deficiency vary across species and populations, the nature of the relationship between egg thiamine concentration and offspring survival is consistently sigmoidal in shape (Figure c; Fitzsimons et al, ; Futia & Rinchard, ; Werner, Rook, & Greil, ). As egg thiamine concentration increases, a threshold is eventually reached where small increases in thiamine concentration coincide with large increases in offspring survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Among‐family variation in survival and gene expression uncovers adaptive genetic variation in a threatened fish

et al. 2019

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Variation in among‐family transcriptional responses to different environmental conditions can help to identify adaptive genetic variation, even prior to a selective event. Coupling differential gene expression with formal survival analyses allows for the disentanglement of treatment effects, required for understanding how individuals plastically respond to environmental stressors, from the adaptive genetic variation responsible for differential survival. We combined these two approaches to investigate responses to an emerging conservation issue, thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, in a threatened population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Thiamine is an essential vitamin that is increasingly limited in many ecosystems. In Lake Champlain, Atlantic salmon cannot acquire thiamine in sufficient quantities to support natural reproduction; fertilized eggs must be reared in hatcheries and treated with supplemental thiamine. We evaluated transcriptional responses (via RNA sequencing) to thiamine treatment across families and found 3,616 genes differentially expressed between control (no supplemental thiamine) and treatment individuals. Fewer genes changed expression equally across families (i.e., additively) than exhibited genotype × environment interactions in response to thiamine. Differentially expressed genes were related to known physiological effects of thiamine deficiency, including oxidative stress, cardiovascular irregularities and neurological abnormalities. We also identified 1,446 putatively adaptive genes that were strongly associated with among‐family survival in the absence of thiamine treatment, many of which related to neurogenesis and visual perception. Our results highlight the utility of coupling RNA sequencing with formal survival analyses to identify candidate genes that underlie the among‐family variation in survival required for an adaptive response to natural selection.

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Ontogenetic Dietary Changes and Thiamine Status of Lake Ontario Chinook Salmon, 2005–2006

Fitzsimons

Honeyfield

Rush

2021

N American J Fish Manag

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In the Great Lakes, an Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus diet has been reported to cause thiamine deficiency in salmonines as a result of high thiaminase activity. The ontogeny of thiamine deficiency and its relationship to Alewife consumption have not been determined in Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha within this system. Using stable isotope mixing models along with muscle thiamine, we assessed ontogenetic changes in the diet and corresponding muscle thiamine status of Lake Ontario Chinook Salmon ranging in TL from 100 to 1,000 mm. Thiamine levels were highest in young of the year collected in a tributary of Lake Ontario but declined once Chinook Salmon entered Lake Ontario. In Lake Ontario, the diets of juvenile (200-400 mm; 97-99%) and adult (>400 mm; 97-100%) Chinook Salmon consisted almost entirely of Alewives as estimated using mixing models. This Alewife diet was associated with an ontogenetic decline in muscle thiamine among Chinook Salmon. The asymptotic decline in thiamine concentration with increasing size plateaued at 720-758 pmol/g of muscle. The proportion of individuals below a thiamine threshold of 500 pmol/g (associated with a loss of equilibrium) increased with TL up to 799 mm and then declined between 800 and 1,000 mm. At these muscle concentrations, no outward signs of thiamine deficiency were observed. Calculation of total mass accumulation of body stores of thiamine (muscle concentration times body weight) showed an unexpected and significant increase with size. Although it appears that dietary Alewives affected thiamine status, there were undetermined factors, such as incomplete destruction of thiamine by thiaminase, gut synthesis of thiamine, gill absorption of water thiamine, and/or other factors, that contributed to the overall thiamine status of these Chinook Salmon.Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were intentionally stocked in the Great Lakes beginning in the 1960s to control the overabundant populations of nonindigenous Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus and to create a recreational sport fishery (Tanner 1971). Alewives, which have a high thiaminase (enzyme code 2.5.1.2; IUBMB 1992) activity (Tillitt et al. 2005), are found throughout the Great Lakes basin, where they comprise a major proportion of the diet of salmonines, including Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, and Lake Trout Salvelinus

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Evaluation of adult and offspring thiamine deficiency in salmonine species from Lake Ontario

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Changes in thiamine concentrations, fatty acid composition, and some other lipid-related biochemical indices in Baltic Sea Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during the spawning run and pre-spawning fasting

Changes in thiamine concentrations, fatty acid composition, and some other lipid-related biochemical indices in Baltic Sea Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during the spawning run and pre-spawning fasting

Among‐family variation in survival and gene expression uncovers adaptive genetic variation in a threatened fish

Ontogenetic Dietary Changes and Thiamine Status of Lake Ontario Chinook Salmon, 2005–2006

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