Evaluation of Advanced Bimanual Skills in Novices Using the Wrist-Like FlexDex™ Articulating Laparoscopic Needle Holder in 2D and 3D Vision: A Randomised Trial

Abstract

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the novice performance of advanced bimanual laparoscopic skills using the articulating FlexDex TM laparoscopic needle holder in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) visual systems. Methods In this prospective randomised trial, novices (n=40) without laparoscopic experience were recruited from a university cohort and randomised into two groups, which used the FlexDex TM and 2D or the FlexDex™ and 3D. Both groups performed 10 repetitions of a validated assessment task. Times taken and error rates were measured, and assessments were made based on completion times, error rates and learning curves. Results The intervention group that used FlexDex TM and 3D visual output completed 10 attempts of the standardised laparoscopic task quicker than the control group that used FlexDex TM with standard 2D visual output (268 seconds vs 415 seconds taken for the first three attempts and 176 seconds vs 283 seconds taken for the last three attempts, respectively). Moreover, each attempt was completed faster by the intervention group compared to the control group. The difference in average time for the first three and last three attempts reached statistical significance (P < 0.001). Conclusion Combination of 3D visual systems and the FlexDex TM laparoscopic needle holder resulted in superior task performance speed, leading to shorter completion times and quicker learning effect. Although the 3D group demonstrated lower mean error rates, it did not reach statistical significance. Key Statement 3D visual systems lead to faster task completion times when combined with an articulating laparoscopic needle holder compared to 2D vision. This effect however is not seen in error rates.