Evaluation of agarose gel electrophoresis for characterization of silver nanoparticles in industrial products

Abstract

Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) has been used extensively for characterization of pure nanomaterials or mixtures of pure nanomaterials. We have evaluated the use of AGE for characterization of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) in an industrial product (described as strong antiseptic). Influence of different stabilizing agents (PEG, SDS, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate), buffers (TBE and Tris Glycine), and functionalizing agents (mercaptosuccinic acid (TMA) and proteins) has been investigated for the characterization of AgNPs in the industrial product using different sizes-AgNPs standards. The use of 1% SDS, 0.1% TMA, and Tris Glycine in gel, electrophoresis buffer and loading buffer led to the different sizes-AgNPs standards moved according to their size/charge ratio (obtaining a linear relationship between apparent mobility and mean diameter). After using SDS and TMA, the behavior of the AgNPs in the industrial product (containing a casein matrix) was completely different, being not possible their size characterization. However we demonstrated that AGE with LA-ICP-MS detection is an alternative method to confirm the protein corona formation between the industrial product and two proteins (BSA and transferrin) maintaining NPs-protein binding (what is not possible using SDS-PAGE).

Design and Simple Assembly of Gold Nanostar Bioconjugates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Immunoassays

“…Agarose gel electrophoresis was employed to determine the variations in charge and size, as previously reported for gold nanoparticles of different functionalities and, consequently, used as a tool to demonstrate the formation of the bioconjugates [12,15,34,35,36,37].…”

Metallomics: Methodologies and Applications in Environmental Studies

“…31,91 Além disso, pode também ser utilizada na caracterização de nano materiais puros ou de misturas e no rastreamento de anormalidades proteicas em fluidos biológicos, como soro, urina e líquido cefalorraquidiano. 48,92,93 A agarose é um polissacarídeo extraído das algas marinhas e seu gel consiste de poros microscópicos que atuam como uma peneira molecular que separa moléculas com base na carga, tamanho e forma. 94 O movimento das moléculas através desse tipo de gel depende do tamanho e da carga das partículas separadas, bem como do tamanho dos poros presentes e a concentração do gel.…”

“…47 A eletroforese em gel de agarose (AGE) associada com a LA-ICP-MS tem-se mostrado um método alternativo de confirmação da formação de proteínas corona, ou seja, biomoléculas associadas com nano partículas inorgânicas, sem que haja a dissociação entre eles. 48…”

“…Para a realização da análise metalômica, os principais procedimentos devem ser realizados, conforme o fluxograma da Figura 3 abaixo. [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] As principais técnicas utilizadas nos estudos metalômicos serão apresentadas e discutidas abaixo, em virtude do desenvolvimento delas, foi alcançada grande versatilidade nos métodos metalométricos. Ablação a laser (LA) Preparation of bionanocomposites and bionanomaterials from agricultural wastes-Abdellaoui et al 21 Espectrometria de massa de plasma indutivamente acoplada (ICP-MS)…”

Restricted and Unrestricted Migration Mechanisms of Silica Nanoparticles in Agarose Gels and Their Utilization for the Separation of Binary Mixtures

“…Monodisperse nanoparticles (NPs) with uniform properties regarding size, morphology, porosity, surface charge, etc. are becoming more and more important for industry, e.g., for optical (plasmonic) applications. , Such particles are expected to be used as complex nanosystems involving self-assembly processes or microstructured devices. , For example, with uniform particle sizes, the separation effect during a spray drying process can be avoided, while for microelectronics, in regular time intervals, smaller uniform particles are needed to increase performance . As a result, usage of uniform NPs promises structures with greatest precision. − While even the quantification of monodispersity is still challenging, at lab scale, large progress has been made in synthesizing highly uniform or even (quasi-) monodisperse NPs, in particular via nonaqueous and nonhydrolytic methods. − However, so far, the required narrow particle size distribution (PSD) or monodispersity has not been achieved during synthesis on an industrial scale, and thus, purification steps are needed .…”