Evaluation of Aging Effects on Skin Wrinkle by Finite Element Method

Kuwazuru, Osamu; Saothong, Jariyaporn; Yoshikawa, Nobuhiro

doi:10.1299/jbse.3.368

Cited by 6 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…First the electronic devices themselves are often multi-layer systems [28,33]. Second, the skin is a multi-layer structure thought to have as many as six mechanically distinct layers which influence its wrinkling behavior [34,35]. We present a multi-layer model suitable for capturing the wrinkling behavior of the skin-device system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An algorithmic approach to multi-layer wrinkling

Lejeune

Javili

Linder

2016

Extreme Mechanics Letters

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Wrinkling, when a thin stiff film adhered to a compliant substrate deforms sinusoidally out of plane due to compression, is a well understood phenomenon in bi-layer systems. However, when there are more than two layers, the wrinkling behavior of the multi-layer system is, at present, not fully understood. In this paper, we provide an analytical solution for wrinkling in tri-layer systems where the additional layers can contribute to either the film stiffness or substrate stiffness. Then, we provide an algorithmic approach for extending our tri-layer analytical solution to systems with multiple additional layers. Our analytical solution and algorithmic approach are verified numerically using the finite element method. Using our methodology, wrinking can be predicted and controlled in multi-layer systems, with applications ranging from stretchable electronics to biomimetic design. In this paper, we demonstrate that our model can be used to understand wrinkling behavior in epidermal electronics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An algorithmic approach to multi-layer wrinkling

Lejeune

Javili

Linder

2016

Extreme Mechanics Letters

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“…However, the stratum corneum has high stiffness, and its behavior might affect the deformation of skin as well as tactile perceptions. Therefore, we performed some simulations using the STD and CSS models with and without the stratum corneum, in which the thickness of the stratum corneum was set to 0.173 mm (Egawa et al, 2007) and Young's moduli of the stratum corneum in the STD and CSS models were assumed as 6.0 and 12.0 MPa, respectively (Kuwazuru et al, 2008). Figure 9 shows comparisons of Mises stress distribution around Merkel cells when a finger pad was stimulated by a 2-point indenter under the condition similar to Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The skin moisture content of human skin decreases with aging, and the epidermis becomes hard (Kuwazuru et al, 2008). Subcutaneous tissue is mainly composed of fat and is separated and compartmented by collagen fibers (Tanaka et al, 2015).…”

Section: Skin Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, for comparison, we calculated the stress around the Merkel cells using a model we developed called the changing skin stiffness (CSS) model, which comprised epidermis that was 3-times harder than that of the STD model and subcutaneous tissue that was 3-times softer than that of the STD model. Young's moduli and Poisson's ratios of the STD and CSS models were assumed by referring to the literature (Maeno et al, 1998;Kuwazuru et al, 2008;Amaied et al, 2015). The adopted material properties are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Skin Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, changes in the skin with aging are well known (Saxon et al, 2010;Daly and Odland, 1979); for example, aging causes the epidermis to become stiff (Kuwazuru et al, 2008). Moreover, it is known that tactile perceptions change with aging and that elderly people have dull perceptions (Stevens, 1992;Carmeli et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating the influence of age-related changes in skin stiffness on tactile perception for static stimulations

Hamasaki

Yamaguchi

Iwamoto

2018

JBSE

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It is difficult to experimentally observe the influence of differences in individual skin properties of human fingers on tactile perceptions. During subjective experiments, many parameters, such as skin properties, the transmittance of nerve signals, and individual feelings are intricately mixed; therefore, it is difficult to identify which elements are affected and to what extent. It has not been determined how age-related changes in the stiffness of skin influence tactile perceptions. We developed a two-dimensional cross-section human fingertip finite element model based on previous studies. Then, we estimated the influence of age-related changes in skin stiffness on Merkel cells and tactile perceptions by using finite element analysis. Age-related changes in skin stiffness were described by changing skin material properties in the model. Simulations using a model involving the fingertip being contacted with a rigid flat plate or a 2-point indenter were performed. Using a rigid flat plate and standard skin material properties, the contact width between the finger pad and the object was 5 mm. Meanwhile, the width changed from 5 mm to 4 mm when using a model of age-related changes of skin. Using a rigid 2-point indenter, the difference in the peak-to-valley of the Mises distribution around the Merkel cells indicated 2-point discrimination. Besides, the difference decreased by approximately 43% with changes in skin stiffness. These results indicated that age-related changes in skin stiffness influenced tactile perceptions.

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