“…Due to its excellent mass and heat transfer characteristics, gas–solid fluidized bed technology is widely used in chemical industries and in applications such as drying, combustion, and granulation. , The introduction of forced vibrations of pulsating flow into gas–solid fluidized beds can reduce the bubble size, increase bubble residence times in the bed, increase gas–solid contact efficiency, improve mass and heat transfer efficiency, reduce channel flow and short-circuiting of bed materials, and improve the particle separation efficiency. , Therefore, the use of pulsed fluidized beds is widespread in the fields of drying, combustion, and coal separation. − Pence and Beasley , observed increases in the overall heat transfer coefficient from a horizontal cylinder to the bed on the order of 40% for 345 μm particles when a steady secondary flow was added. Dong et al also found that when subjected to a pulsating airflow, the size and number of bubbles in the bed decreased significantly, whereas the motion of the heavy medium became uniform and steady.…”