Evaluation of alterations in serum immunoglobulin concentrations in components of metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia

Abstract

PurposeSerum immunoglobulins (Igs) play a critical role in modulating the immune response by neutralizing pathogens, although little is known about the effect of Igs in development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Elevated serum Immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations have been identified in previous studies in populations with obesity and hypertriglyceridemia, whereas variable concentrations of Immunoglobulin M (IgM) have been observed in the setting of dyslipidemia.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, investigators examined the association of serum Ig concentrations with components of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. All consecutive adult patients aged 18 years or older discharged from two academic teaching hospitals with serum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration measured during their admission were evaluated, with a total of 1809 individuals included and stratified into two groups: those with and those without dyslipidemia.ResultsMean IgG concentration in individuals with and without dyslipidemia was 997 ± 485 mg/dL and 1144 ± 677 mg/dL, respectively (P < 0.0001). After controlling for confounders in the generalized linear model (GLM), the least square mean IgG concentration in individuals with and without dyslipidemia was 1095 and 1239 mg/dL, respectively (P < 0.0001). The mean IgA and IgM concentrations were not significantly different in individuals with and without dyslipidemia both before and after adjusting covariates. After controlling for confounding variables, all three serum Ig concentrations were not significantly different in individuals with and without diabetes.ConclusionDyslipidemia was associated with a lower mean serum IgG concentration. No association with any serum Ig was indentified in individuals with diabetes. Exploration of the association between alterations in serum Igs and metabolic syndrome and the role of alterations of Ig concentrations in disease progression represents an important step in identification of appropriate targeted treatment options for reducing cardiovascular risk.

Anthropometry and Liver Function Parameters in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome

“…The elevation of globulin in the case group (Figure 1) suggests chronic low-grade inflammation and elevated serum levels of systemic inflammatory markers commonly found in obesity-related insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome [29,30]. This inflammation is suspected to be because of hypercholesterolemia which was found in this study to be significantly positively correlated with (Table 8).…”

“…Like in ALT, serum elevation of AST among the case group (Figure 1) is also an indication of liver dysfunction, however, the elevation may also be due to extrahepatic disorders, e.g., celiac sprue, muscle disorders, thyroid disorders, and haemolysis [29,30].…”

Postconvalescent SARS-CoV-2 IgG and Neutralizing Antibodies are Elevated in Individuals with Poor Metabolic Health

“…For instance, one study noted decreased IgG and immunoglobin M levels independently related to the prevalence of adult type 2 diabetes ( 23 ). In contrast another cross-sectional study was unable to identify an association with overall serum immunoglobin levels in individuals with diabetes but found that dyslipidemia was associated with a lower serum IgG concentration ( 24 ). The relationship between serum levels of immunoglobulins and MetS were further explored in the TCLSIH cohort study ( 25 ) and demonstrated that decreased IgG and increased immunoglobin A were independently related to a higher prevalence of MetS.…”

Clinical and Serological Findings of COVID-19 Participants in the Region of Makkah, Saudi Arabia

“…Similarly in our study, deceased people suffering from other clinical manifestations also showed lower neutralizing and other measurable antibody release when compared to the participants who have underlying diseases with moderate manifestations [ 30 ]. Further, several studies have showed that cardiac vascular dysfunctions and metabolic diseases could cause humoral immunity disturbance and affect the production of antibodies [ 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”