Evaluation of an oxidation catalyst (“catalytic stripper”) in eliminating volatile material from combustion aerosol

Amanatidis, Stavros; Ntziachristos, Leónidas; Giechaskiel, Barouch; Katsaounis, Dimitrios; Samaras, Zissis; Bergmann, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2012.12.001

Cited by 64 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The APC/CS is the APC with a CS downstream from the ET (before the secondary dilution). The specific CS was evaluated by Amanatidis et al (2012). It has an oxidation efficiency of >99% of decane, and a sulfur trap with sulfur capacity of >6 mg (as measured with SO 2 ).…”

Section: Description Of Emission Measurement Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the instrument was directly connected to the CVS, it was considered that it measured volatile and non-volatile particles of >6 nm (called total PN by convention) with a 1.5 m (d in D 6 mm) conductive silicone tube. For a few tests with mopeds, a CS from AVL (Amanatidis et al 2012) at 300 C or a high flow (10 l/min) thermodenuder (Dekati) were used to remove the volatile particles. Their 50% penetration was around 10 nm.…”

Section: Description Of Emission Measurement Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, >3 nm concentrations at the beginning of the cycle were higher than the CVS emissions, indicating a volatile artefact even downstream from the CS. This could be due to inefficient evaporation of volatile precursors in the evaporation tube upstream from the CS and, consequently, reduced oxidation efficiency of the CS (Amanatidis et al 2012) or formation of sulfur particles due to SO 2 to SO 3 conversion in the CS (Amanatidis et al 2012). The last explanation is highly unlikely at the temperature where the CS was operated, but it's something that requires investigation.…”

Section: Volatile Artefactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lowering the 50% cutpoint of existing CPCs to 10 nm is relatively easy and can be achieved simply with software modifications and re-calibration. For measurements of particles >10 nm, according to , a catalytic stripper (CS; Khalekand Kittelson 1995;Amanatidis et al 2012;Otsuki et al 2014) in place or in addition to the Evaporation Tube (ET) is recommended to ensure that hydrocarbons are oxidized and that no volatile renucleated particles will grow at the 10 nm range. The thermodenuder was not excluded, but there are studies that have in some cases shown formation of solid particles (Swanson and Kittelson 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of vehicle exhaust sub-23 nm particle emissions

Giechaskiel

Vanhanen²,

Väkevä³

et al. 2017

Aerosol Science and Technology

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A solid particle number limit was applied to the European legislation for diesel vehicles in 2011. Extension to gasoline direct injection vehicles raised concerns because many studies found particles below the lower size limit of the method (23 nm). Here we investigated experimentally the feasibility of lowering this size. A nano condensation nucleus counter system (nCNC) (d 50% D 1.3 nm) was used in parallel with condensation particle counters (CPCs) (d 50% D 3 nm, 10 nm and 23 nm) at various sampling systems based on ejector or rotating disk diluters and having thermal pre-treatment systems consisting of evaporation tubes or catalytic strippers. An engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS) measured the particle size distributions. Depending on the losses and thermal pre-treatment of the sampling system, differences of up to 150% could be seen on the final detected particle concentrations when including the particles smaller than 23 nm in diameter. A volatile artefact as particles with diameters below 10 nm was at times observed during the cold start measurements of a 2-stroke moped. The diesel vehicles equipped with the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) had a low solid sub-23 nm particles fraction (<20%), the gasoline with direct injection vehicles had higher (35-50%), the gasoline vehicles with port fuel injection and the two mopeds (two and four-stroke) had the majority of particles below 23 nm. The size distributions peaked at 60-80 nm for the DPF equipped vehicles, at 40-90 nm for the gasoline vehicles with a separate nucleation mode peak at approximately 10 nm sometimes. Mopeds peaked at sizes below 50 nm when their aerosol was thermally pre-treated.

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Section: Description Of Emission Measurement Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Emission Measurement Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volatile Artefactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of vehicle exhaust sub-23 nm particle emissions

Giechaskiel

Vanhanen²,

Väkevä³

et al. 2017

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…Massive blue smoke on the other hand typically only occurs at defective engines (e. g. oil leak into the cylinder) [32,33,34,35]. If necessary such hydrocarbon emissions can be completely eliminated by adding an oxidation catalyst ("catalytic stripper") into the heated sample line [36]. Hence an overall good applicability of the method to real emissions can be inferred.…”

Section: B Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-wavelength opacimeter for NOX and soot

Axmann

Bergmann

Eichberger

2015

2015 9th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)

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A novel method to simultaneously determine the concentration of particles and NO 2 , the main pollutants in the exhaust of diesel engines, is presented. It is based on multiwavelength extinction measurement followed by a mathematical inversion algorithm. This paper gives an overview of the extinction measurement in general and extends the principle to a multi-wavelength measurement setup. The applicability of this new method is derived and validated with first experimental results as well as with simulations.

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Impacts of Exhaust Transfer System Contamination on Particulate Matter Measurements

Yang

Pham

Johnson

et al. 2020

Emiss. Control Sci. Technol.

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As the measurement of low levels of particulate matter (PM) and solid particulate number (PN) from light-duty vehicles becomes more critical, it is becoming more important to understand the potential impacts of exhaust transfer system contamination. This phenomenon occurs when, as it relates to vehicle emission testing, particles deposit and semi-volatile materials are adsorb onto the inner surfaces of the exhaust transfer system, which includes the vehicle exhaust pipe, the exhaust transfer line, and the constant volume sampling (CVS) system, and may subsequently re-entrain and desorb in subsequent vehicle tests. A soot loading cycle was successfully developed and resulted in 36 to 8600 mg of PM mass passing through the CVS tunnel. The results from cleaning tests suggested that majority of particles released during the cleaning tests are semi-volatiles with little presence of soot. A series of chassis dynamometer tests were conducted to characterize the differences between "clean" and "contaminated" sampling system and their impact on low level PM measurements. The results from this study show no measurable PM mass impacts between the "dirty" and clean tunnel conditions that were observed until after a high emitter was tested (80-120 mg/mi diesel vehicle).

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Evaluation of an oxidation catalyst (“catalytic stripper”) in eliminating volatile material from combustion aerosol

Cited by 64 publications

References 19 publications

Investigation of vehicle exhaust sub-23 nm particle emissions

Investigation of vehicle exhaust sub-23 nm particle emissions

A multi-wavelength opacimeter for NOX and soot

Impacts of Exhaust Transfer System Contamination on Particulate Matter Measurements

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