Evaluation of and Replacement Strategies for Aged High Voltage Porcelain Suspension-Type Insulators

Cherney, E.A.; Baker, A. C.; Kuffel, J.; Lodi, Z.; Phillips, Andrew J. K.; Powell, D.; Stewart, G. A.

doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2013.2288776

Cited by 52 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In this case, 10 samples were considered for studying the failure probability of the porcelain insulators. The Weibull distribution has the potential to provide an accurate failure analysis with a low number of samples (n < 20) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Another advantage identified with Weibull analysis is that it provides a logical and effortless graphical plot of the required lifetime expectancy.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis Of the Constituents Of Porcelain And Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, the data was sorted in ascending order and a breakdown probability was assigned. A simple approximation used to calculate the probability of failure was used: Moreover, as discussed in articles, the correlation coefficient should be calculated to check the adequacy of the Weibull distribution [17][18][19][20][21]. Here, the correlation coefficient was calculated to be 0.64, 0.84, and 0.95 respectively, for the three samples A, B and C. The correlation coefficient was calculated using the built-in function in a spreadsheet.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis Of the Constituents Of Porcelain And Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Failure Trends of High-Voltage Porcelain Insulators Depending on the Constituents of the Porcelain

Sanyal

Kim

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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The aging of porcelain insulators is responsible for the failure of power utilities. Porcelain insulators from different places in South Korea, possessing various aging times and years of installation, have been investigated to carry out lifetime statistics. These samples have a mass of 36,000 lbs and are operated at 154 kV. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed on the porcelain bodies of the samples collected. XRF and SEM revealed trends in the weight percentage of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 in the porcelain bodies of the collected samples. The SiO2 and Fe2O3 weight percentage reduced to 8.93% and 73.17%, respectively, in sample C compared to A. However, the Al2O3 weight percentage increased to 16.23% in sample C compared to sample A. This change in weight percentage of SiO2, Fe2O3, and Al2O3 contributed toward enhancing the mechanical and electrical properties of the insulators. Mechanical load tests with electrical voltage (M&E), thermal and mechanical load tests (T&M), and hardness tests (HRB) were performed to evaluate these characteristics. Experiments revealed an increase of 90.9% in the inequality factor (K) in sample C compared to A. The impact of constituents of porcelain on the lifetime expectancy of a porcelain insulator was reported by implementing statistical strategies, such as the Weibull distribution.

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Section: Statistical Analysis Of the Constituents Of Porcelain And Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistical Analysis Of the Constituents Of Porcelain And Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure Trends of High-Voltage Porcelain Insulators Depending on the Constituents of the Porcelain

Sanyal

Kim

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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“…The porcelain insulator is not a single structure of uniform construction, but a complex structure of iron, cement, and ceramics. Deterioration of characteristics after a long period of use require diagnosis of aging [5]. If the electrical characteristics deteriorate, it leads to partial discharge or flashover, which means the insulator can no longer insulate effectively.…”

Section: Single-layer Analysis Of Porcelain Insulator Using Three Dimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Long-Term Deterioration Characteristics of High Voltage Insulators

et al. 2019

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The deterioration of the cement that bonds the cap, pin, and porcelain shell of the porcelain insulators can be observed by three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT), a non-destructive test. When porcelain insulators are used for a long duration, the size of the pores existing in the cement increase as the cement expands due to the alkali-silica reaction (ASR). It is possible to visually confirm the corrosion of caps and pins. The degree of corrosion is divided into four noticeable stages (I-IV), and deterioration of cement includes one of the four stages of corrosion. The standard time of replacement of insulator vs. continued use is presented. As a result of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fe is oxidized to Fe 2 O 3 at 36, 43, 54, and 70 degrees. The corrosion in cement is caused by factors including the value of pH, oxygen content, and temperature. For the caps and pins, although a zinc coating is applied to prevent the corrosion of iron, corrosion of zinc is caused by substances present in the external environment. When the zinc coating begins to corrode, the corrosion of the Fe component of the cap and pin accelerates, causing mechanical/electrical problems.

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“…As such structures are composite, diagnosing the lifespan of insulators is complicated and difficult to define. Therefore, there are challenges associated withidentifying the most appropriate time to replace the insulators in a transmission line, before accidents occur [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Cement Deterioration in Outdoor High-Voltage Insulator

et al. 2019

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Suspension type porcelain insulators used in overhead transmission lines comprise metal, ceramic, and cement. The deterioration of cement can lead to mechanical separation. For the degradation analysis, varied sizes of pores ranging from a few µm (capillary pores) to tens to hundreds of mm (detectable by naked eyes) were considered. Cracks that were hard to view with naked eyes were identified by staining with a fuchsine solution. The hydrogen ion concentration and pH value indicate the extent to which the cement is deteriorated. The longer the cement is used, the lower its pH value. High mechanical strength is considered an important advantage of porcelain insulators, and it may decline, if the cement is used for a longer period of time. Water ingress may also occur, resulting in expansion, due to the rehydration of the cement. The process and mechanism of expansion of cement, due to infiltration of water were described. As a method of analysis, a universal indicator was employed to evaluate the pH changes in cement. It was observed that the pH value was 12-13 for new products. However, for products that were used for 52 years, the pH value was under 7, which indicated an acidic tendency, due to deterioration.

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Evaluation of and Replacement Strategies for Aged High Voltage Porcelain Suspension-Type Insulators

Cited by 52 publications

References 10 publications

Failure Trends of High-Voltage Porcelain Insulators Depending on the Constituents of the Porcelain

Failure Trends of High-Voltage Porcelain Insulators Depending on the Constituents of the Porcelain

Analysis of Long-Term Deterioration Characteristics of High Voltage Insulators

Analysis of Cement Deterioration in Outdoor High-Voltage Insulator

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