Evaluation of Anemia in Calves up to 4 Months of Age in Holstein Dairy Herds

Ramin, A. G.; Asri‐Rezaei, Siamak; Paya, Khales; Eftekhari, Zohre; Jelodary, Mahyar; Akbarī, Ḥamīd; Ramin, Sina

doi:10.16988/iuvfd.89026

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Blood HPT concentration has been identified as a useful tool in evaluating health status of dairy calves (Ganheim et al, 2007;Balikci and Al, 2014). Mean Hct, pH, Na and K concentrations, and HPT concentration in blood at 2 wk of age, when the incidence of diarrhea was most prevalent (Table 6), were consistent with the values previously reported for neonatal calves (Reece, 1980;Bouda and Jagos, 1984;Ramin et al, 2012;Murray et al, 2014). Unaffected blood parameters, except Na concentration, further reinforce the observation that offering drinking water to newborn calves does not affect diarrhea or the general health status of calves.…”

Section: Health Statussupporting

confidence: 89%

Drinking water intake of newborn dairy calves and its effects on feed intake, growth performance, health status, and nutrient digestibility

Wickramasinghe

Kramer

Appuhamy

2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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Although it is recommended to offer free drinking water (called drinking water hereafter) immediately after birth, producers wait, on average, 17 d to first offer drinking water to newborn dairy calves. The objective of this study was to examine water and feed intake, growth performance, health status, and nutrient digestibility of Holstein heifer calves offered drinking water from birth (W0) as compared with those offered it at 17 d of age (W17), when fed an ad libitum volume of milk. Thirty Holstein heifer calves, balanced for parity of the dam, birth weight, and birth week, were randomly assigned (n = 15) to W0 or W17. Calves had free access to drinking water and a starter ration, offered in 2 separate buckets, until they were 70 d of age. Calves were bottle-fed with pasteurized whole milk 3× per day (2.0 kg/feeding until d 14, and 3.2 kg/feeding thereafter). Calves were partially weaned (33% of the milk allowance 1 × per day) at 42 d of age and completely weaned at 49 d of age. Drinking water intake, starter intake, milk intake, ambient temperature, and the fecal consistency were recorded daily. Body weight, hip height, hip width, heart girth, and body length were measured weekly. Blood (drawn from a jugular vein) was analyzed for hematocrit and haptoglobin concentrations at 14 d of age. On d 69 and 70, total fecal output of individual calves was measured and analyzed for chemical composition to determine apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients. When offered from birth, newborn calves consumed 0.75 ± 0.05 kg/d water aside from the water they received from ad libitum milk allowance during the first 16 d. Once offered, W17 calves drank more water (59%) than W0 calves during the preweaning period. Starter intake of W0 and W17 calves was similar, but W0 calves consumed 0.285 kg/d more milk and tended to achieve greater body weight and heart girth compared with W17 calves during the preweaning period. Offering water from birth versus offering it later did not affect the number of days with diarrhea, intensity of diarrhea, or blood hematocrit and haptoglobin concentrations of preweaned calves. Despite a similar starter intake, W0 calves had greater hip height, body length, apparent total-tract digestibility of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber, and feed efficiency than W17 calves postweaning (50 to 70 d of age). When followed up to 5 mo of age, W0 calves had greater body weight than W17 calves. Provision of drinking water immediately after birth could improve growth and development of calves pre-and postweaning, potentially by stimulating rumen development, thus increasing nutrient availability.

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Section: Health Statussupporting

confidence: 89%

Drinking water intake of newborn dairy calves and its effects on feed intake, growth performance, health status, and nutrient digestibility

Wickramasinghe

Kramer

Appuhamy

2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…There was no interaction between time of day and starter concentrate composition (p>0.05), which shows that the inclusion of molasses or glucose syrup did not alter these physiological parameters in diarrheic calves. The average values of hematocrit were within the reference ranges (Ramin et al, 2012), indicating that the animals did not suffer dehydration during the first three days of diarrhea. However, animals receiving the concentrate with the inclusion of 10% molasses achieved hematocrit average values close to the normal upper limit (29.55%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Inclusion of Molasses or Glucose Syrup in Starter Concentrate for Dairy Calves: Effects on Diarrheic Calves

Soares

Oltramari

Paula

et al. 2016

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Severity of metabolic acidosis and other clinical signs in diarrheic dairy calves fed a starter concentrate containing molasses or glucose syrup as a replacement for corn were evaluated. Thirty-two calves were blocked according to birth weight and were divided into four treatments according to starter concentrate composition: (1) Control, starter concentrate based on corn; (2) 5% of molasses as a replacement for corn; (3) 10% of molasses as a replacement for corn; (4) 5% glucose syrup as a replacement for corn. Animals were individually housed with free access to water and concentrate and received 4 L/d of milk replacer. Blood samples were analyzed and evaluations of fecal score, clinical score and physiological parameters were performed during the first three days of all diarrhea event. Starter concentrate composition did not negatively affect (p>0.05) fecal scores or diarrhea clinical signals. Blood gas, electrolytic and biochemical analyses do not indicated hydration, acidosis, or other metabolic disorders (p>0.05). However, higher level of molasses increased hematocrit (p<0.04), suggesting higher dehydration condition. Inclusion of these by products as a replacement for corn in the concentrate did not alter the animals' metabolism in response to the occurrence of diarrhea and can therefore be utilized in the feed without causing damage to the animal's health.

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“…Although calves were affected with diarrhea, hematocrit were within the reference ranges (Ramin et al 2012), indicating that the animals did not suffer from dehydration during the first three days of diarrhea. Besides dehydration, diarrhea may cause metabolic acidosis in calves, as a response of the decreased renal perfusion (Kasari & Naylor 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Clinical, blood gas and biochemical profile of diarrheic dairy calves fed starter concentrate containing citrus pulp as a replacement for corn

et al. 2017

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790RESUMO.-[Perfis clínico de gás sanguíneo e bioquímico de bezerros leiteiros diarreicos alimentados com concentrado inicial contendo polpa cítrica como substituto de milho.] O objetivo desse estudo foi o de avaliar os sinais clínicos, análise de gases e os efeitos metabólicos da diarreia em bezerros em aleitamento, consumindo concentrado inicial contendo polpa cítrica (PC) como substituto de milho. Vinte e quatro bezerros recém-nascidos da raça Holandesa foram distribuídos, de acordo com a composição do concentrado, nos seguintes tratamentos: (1) 0% PC, (2) 32% PC, (3) 64% PC, na matéria seca. Os bezerros foram alojados em abrigos individuais, com acesso livre a água e concentrado, e receberam 4L/d de sucedâneo lác-teo. Após o diagnóstico de diarreia, avaliações de escore fecal, sinais clínicos e medidas de parâmetros fisiológicos foram realizadas três vezes ao dia durante 3-d. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas para análise de eletrólitos, hemogasometria e metabólitos plasmáticos. A composição do concentrado não afetou o escore fecal, as características das fezes diarreicas, ou o agravamento dos sinais clínicos da diarreia (P>0,05). Alterações nos parâmetros plasmáticos, de hemogasometria ou de eletrólitos, em função da comClinical, blood gas and biochemical profile of diarrheic dairy calves fed starter concentrate containing citrus pulp as a replacement for corn The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical signs, gas analysis, and metabolic effects of diarrhea in milk-fed calves consuming starter feed containing citrus pulp (CP) as a replacement for corn. Twenty-four newborn Holstein male calves were distributed into treatments according to starter composition: (1) 0% CP, (2) 32% CP, (3) 64% CP, on dry matter basis. The calves were housed in individual hutches, with free access to water and concentrate, and received 4 L/d of milk replacer. After diarrhea diagnosis, evaluations of fecal score, score of clinical signs and measurement of physiological parameters were performed three times a day during 3-d. Blood samples were collected for electrolytes, blood gases, and plasma biochemical analysis. Starter feed composition had no negative effect (P>0.05) on fecal score, characteristics of diarrheic stools and on the aggravation of diarrhea clinical signs. Biochemical, blood gases and electrolytes changes, as a function of starter composition, did not resulted (P>0.05) in dehydration, acidosis, or other metabolic disturbance animals. Total lactate and D-lactate plasma concentrations were higher for calves on control and 64% CP, and L-lactate was highest for the 64% CP; however, calves showed no signs of metabolic acidosis. Thermal comfort indexes influenced clinical and physiological parameters (P<0.05). Citrus pulp may replace corn in starter composition without prejudice to intestinal health or metabolism of young diarrheic calves.

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Evaluation of Anemia in Calves up to 4 Months of Age in Holstein Dairy Herds

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Drinking water intake of newborn dairy calves and its effects on feed intake, growth performance, health status, and nutrient digestibility

Drinking water intake of newborn dairy calves and its effects on feed intake, growth performance, health status, and nutrient digestibility

Inclusion of Molasses or Glucose Syrup in Starter Concentrate for Dairy Calves: Effects on Diarrheic Calves

Clinical, blood gas and biochemical profile of diarrheic dairy calves fed starter concentrate containing citrus pulp as a replacement for corn

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