Evaluation of Anti‐Inflammatory Potential of the New Ganghwaljetongyeum on Adjuvant‐Induced Inflammatory Arthritis in Rats

Abstract

Ganghwaljetongyeum (GHJTY) has been used as a standard treatment for arthritis for approximately 15 years at the Korean Medicine Hospital of Dongshin University. GHJTY is composed of 18 medicinal herbs, of which five primary herbs were selected and named new Ganghwaljetongyeum (N-GHJTY). The purpose of the present study was to observe the effect of N-GHJTY on arthritis and to determine its mechanism of action. After confirming arthritis induction using complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats, N-GHJTY (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg/day) was administered once a day for 10 days. In order to determine pathological changes, edema of the paws and weight were measured before and for 10 days after N-GHJTY administration. Cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) levels and histopathological lesions in the knee joint were also examined. Edema in the paw and knee joint of N-GHJTY-treated rats was significantly decreased at 6, 8, and 10 days after administration, compared to that in the CFA-control group, while weight consistently increased. Rats in N-GHJTY-treated groups also recovered from the CFA-induced pathological changes and showed a significant decline in cytokine levels. Taken together, our results showed that N-GHJTY administration was effective in inhibiting CFA-induced arthritis via anti-inflammatory effects while promoting cartilage recovery by controlling cytokine levels.

Citrus limon and Paradisi Fruit Peel Hydroethanolic Extracts Prevent the Progress of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Male Wistar Rats

“…RA is initiated by a T cell-mediated immune response that catalyzes the liberation of cytokines and promotes formation of antibody, which leads to damage of the joint (Porth, 2011). Particularly, TNF-α promotes the production of IL-1β and IL-6 (Brennan and McInnes, 2008), with the former being a substantial mediator of the inflammatory response, leading to various auto-inflammatory syndromes (Masters et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2016), and the latter being secreted by macrophages and T cells to initiate and stimulate the immune response (van der Poll et al, 1997;Febbraio and Pedersen, 2005). So, proinflammatory cytokines particularly IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α play an important role in arthritis starter (Choy and Panayi, 2001), while inhibitors of these cytokines are influenced in controlling chronic inflammation (Tracey, 2002;Pavlov and Tracey, 2006).…”

A 13-Week Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity Study of ChondroT in Sprague-Dawley Rats

“…ChondroT is a new complex herbal medication developed for the treatment of osteoarthritis and its efficacy and safety have been demonstrated in several studies [4–8]. Although the safety of this herbal complex has been confirmed through animal studies, we sought to carry out the present study with additional doses and perform a rigorous toxicity study that could be translated to human clinical trials.…”

“…ChondroT exerts chondroprotective effects and possesses multitarget mechanisms related to inflammation and arthritis [4–6]. In fact, the suppressive effect of ChondroT is greater than that of GHJT Y[7].…”

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Ameliorated FCA‐Induced Experimental Arthritis: A Comparative Study among Different Extracts

“…Animals were given tap water and standard diet and were kept at 12 hours dark/light cycles. Standard conditions of humidity (40–60%) and temperature (24–26°C) were maintained [ 17 ]. The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, University of Lahore (IAEC-2015-11A).…”