Evaluation of Anti Plasmodium Potential of Moringa oleifera (Lam) in Plasmodium yoelii Infected Mice

Abstract

Shrivastava et al.: Moringa oleifera (Lam.) as an AntimalarialMalaria kills a lot of people every year in the world, yet this has been observed with little progress in controlling this disease. Moreover, the number of cases is increasing, resulting from the rise of drugresistant parasites and insecticide-resistant mosquitoes. In the present study the antimalarial efficiency of flowers and leaves of the Moringa oleifera (Lam.) plant was evaluated against rodent malaria parasite: Plasmodium yoelii (Chloroquine resistant N-67 strain) infected Swiss albino mice. For the study, crude extracts of flowers and leaves of the Moringa oleifera (Lam.) plant were given at different doses i.e., 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg to Plasmodium yoelii infected Swiss albino mice, then various parameters llike percent of suppression of parasites, haematological parameters, survival time and body weight of mice, were determined. Percent of suppression of parasites were evaluated by observing Giemsa stained blood smears, which were prepared from different treated groups of experimental mice and haematological testing was done with an automated haematological analyser. The percent of suppression exerted by the flower and leaf against Plasmodium yoelii count ranged between 59 to 41% and 56 to 32%, respectively. Both extracts were found to give positive results as they prevented the major changes in haematological parameters i.e., count of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit value which occurred due to Plasmodium infection. Maximum antimalarial effect was observed with the highest dose of the flower extract at 1000 mg/kg followed by leaf extract at the same dose. The crude extract prolongs the survival time of mice as well as prevents body weight loss compared to negative control groups. The results are collectively indicated that the Moringa oleifera (Lam.) plant has a promising anti plasmodial activity against Plasmodium yoelii. Thus, it might be considered as a potential source for the development of novel antimalarial agents.

FABP4 and Metabolite Profile in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mice Model Treated with Moringa oleifera Ethanol Leaf Extract

“…15 In the other hand, M. oleifera can increase WBC and decreased RBC and PLT in parasite infection. 37 These indicate that the difference of hematological parameter might be influenced by varying inflammatory conditions and disease background.…”

“…30 In other experimental animals, apart from mice, this commenced within the first hour following LPS induction and escalated after 8 hours post-induction. 36,37 The reduction in WBC count (leukopenia) correlates with a decrease in the number of circulating lymphocytes and monocytes 30 due to the migration of bloodstream into tissues. This is evidenced by absolute lymphocyte count data, whereas there were no differences in mid-range absolute count, and a significant increase in mid-range relative count was observed.…”

Moringa oleifera Leaf Ethanol Extract Inhibits Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites Replication

“…Our results are also align with other research on Plasmodium yoelii, in which the higher the dose of M. oleifera leaf ethanol extract, the greater the inhibitory activity against the parasites. 25 Quinoline alkaloids (3-methylquinoline) are typical DNA intercalating compounds found in the M. oleifera leaf ethanol extract. 15 Their antiparasitic effect occurred through their hydrophobic, aromatic, and planar properties, which allow them to intercalate between the nucleotide pairs of the parasite.…”

Antimalarial potential of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae): A review of the ethnomedicinal, pharmacological, toxicological, and phytochemical evidence

“…According to Obediah and Obi [42], doses of 200 mg/kg (68.93% of suppression), 300 mg/kg (72.56% of suppression), and 500 mg/kg (67.01% of suppression) of the ethanol extract of M. oleifera seeds showed good chemosuppression of P. berghei multiplication in relation to the negative control. According to Shrivastava et al [77], extracts of M. oleifera flowers and leaves showed dose-dependent suppression in mice infected with the parasite P. yoelii (N-67). At the lowest dose (125 mg/kg), the flower and leaf extracts suppressed infection by 40.74 and 31.85 %, respectively, after four days of experiment [77].…”

“…According to Shrivastava et al [77], extracts of M. oleifera flowers and leaves showed dose-dependent suppression in mice infected with the parasite P. yoelii (N-67). At the lowest dose (125 mg/kg), the flower and leaf extracts suppressed infection by 40.74 and 31.85 %, respectively, after four days of experiment [77].…”