Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Activities of Safflower Natural Dyes during Flowering

Abstract

Two Carthamus tinctorius varieties (Jawhara and 104) were studied in order to investigate their natural dyes contents and biological activities. Obtained results showed that quinochalcone contents and antioxidant activities varied considerably as function of flowering stages. So flowers at fructification stage contained the highest carthamin content with the strongest antioxidant capacity with all assays (FRAP, DPPH, and chelating power methods). In parallel, we showed a decrease in the content of precarthamin. The quantitative variation of these molecules could be due to colour change of C. tinctorius flowers. Correlation analysis indicated that the ABTS method showed the highest correlation coefficients with carthamin and precarthamin contents, that is, 0.886 and 0.973, respectively. Concerning the regional effect, the contents of precarthamin and carthamin varied significantly (P < 0.05) at studied regions with the optimum production given by samples of Beja (902.41 μg/g DW and 42.05 μg/g DW, respectively, at flowering stage). During flowering, the antimicrobial activity of these two natural dyes increased where the maximum inhibitory effect mentioned with carthamin mainly against E. coli (iz = 25.89 mm) at fructification stage. Therefore, the increased frequency of resistance to commonly used antibiotics leads to the search for new effective natural drugs at food and pharmaceutical industries.

Wheat fiber colored with a safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) red pigment as a natural colorant and antioxidant in cooked sausages

“…According to Cai, Luo, Sun, and Corke (2004), several phenolic components, such as flavonoids (carthamin and carthamone) and lignans, are present in the safflower petal. Recently, Salem et al (2014) reported ferric reducing ability, radical scavenging activity, and metal chelating powder of carthamin and suggested that carthamin could be a strong natural antioxidant. Thus, carthamin contained in WFC could act as a reductant and might be associated with increased nitrosoheme pigments formation at an equal amount of nitrite.…”

“…After refrigerated storage of seven days, similar tendencies were continuously maintained. Recent studies have reported antioxidant effect of safflower petal, based on results of ferrous reducing, radical scavenging, and metal chelating assays (Hiramatsu, Takahashi, Komatsu, Kido, & Kasahara, 2009;Salem et al, 2011;Salem et al, 2014). Although the mechanism of antioxidant effect of WFC was not clear, our result suggested that the carthamin contained in WFC Nitrite level (N) *** *** *** *** *** WFC level (W) *** *** *** *** *** Interaction N Â W * ** ** *** *** aef Values with different letters within a column of each treatment are significantly different (P < 0.05).…”

“…Yoon et al (2001) reported the stability of safflower red pigments binding polysaccharides against pH, temperature, and light alterations, and they suggested the potential application of safflower red pigments as a natural food colorant. In addition, recent studies have reported that safflower petals contain high level of phenolic components, especially gallic acid (102.57 mg/g dry matter), and suggested that safflower could be used a strong antioxidant in food and pharmaceutical products (Salem, Msaada, Hamdaoui, Limam, & Marouk, 2011, Salem et al, 2014. However, the utilization of safflower red pigments as a colorant and antioxidant in meat products has not been studied.…”

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Identification of Yellow Pigmented Marine Sponge-Associated Fungi from Teluk Awur, Jepara, Central Java

“…Salem et al (2014) successfully extracted natural pigment from Carthamus tinctorius. The pigments displayed antimicrobial activity against MethicillinResistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli ATCC 25218 and Candida albicans.…”

Free Radicals, the Natural Antioxidant Buyang Huanwu Decoction and Ischemic Stroke

“…This suggests that HSYA offers protection against mitochondrial injury in cerebral ischemic due to scavenging of oxygen free radicals, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and antagonism of Ca 2+ [28] . It should be noted that quinochalcone contents in safflower and its antioxidant activities vary considerably as a result of fluctuating flowering stages [29] . The extract of Rhizoma Chuanxiong is a robust scavenger of superoxide anions and inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, with a strong dose-response relationship within a narrow concentration range.…”