Evaluation of Antibody Titre of Dogs Vaccinated against Canine Distemper in Jos, Plateau State

Ogbu, Kenneth Ikejiofor; Anyika, K.C.; Gosomji, Innocent Jonah; Ochai, Sunday O.; Gulu, M.Y.; Ijeomanta, O.J.; Olaolu, S.O.

doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0066.v1

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In addition, the results of the third vaccination are in agreement with the study of Ogbu et al (2017) who investigated on vaccinating dogs against CDV. They showed that the third vaccine had significantly improved the performance of immunization (Ogbu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The results of comparing the performance of the two vaccines in this study are similar to the study by Ogbu et al (2017). They compared two vaccines made in Brazil and in the United States.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…They worked on two groups of puppies that most of them had a response to the second vaccine and they had a protective titre (Bergman et al, 2006). In addition, the results of the third vaccination are in agreement with the study of Ogbu et al (2017) who investigated on vaccinating dogs against CDV. They showed that the third vaccine had significantly improved the performance of immunization (Ogbu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…They compared two vaccines made in Brazil and in the United States. They observed no significant difference in the amount of antibody titre produced (Ogbu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Effect of maternally derived antibodies on two commercial vaccines in changes of serum antibody titres against distemper in puppies

Shams

Pourtaghi

2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Maternally derived antibodies (MDA) have protection against canine distemper virus (CDV) in the first weeks of puppies’ life. However, MDA decreases with age. The most important and effective factor on immunization is timely vaccination. But in recent years, there were some outbreaks of CDV among puppies in Iran and this problem could be related to vaccine failure. Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible effect of MDA titre on vaccines against CDV and the efficacy of two commercial vaccines by using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Methods In this regard, 24 healthy 8‐week old terrier puppies were selected and divided into three identical groups based on a randomized, double‐blind comparative trial. The control group was injected normal saline, and group A was vaccinated by the vaccine namely Biocan L (Bioveta, Czech Republic), and the group B was vaccinated by the other vaccine called Duramune Max 5 + LCI/GP (Fort Dodge Animal Health, USA). The vaccines were used for the puppies between 8 and 16 weeks of age and in every 4 weeks. Results The results showed that the response of both vaccines was satisfactory, and no significant difference was observed between them. Moreover, the MDA in the control group reached an unprotective level in all puppies prior to their 14 weeks of age. In the vaccinated groups, after the second vaccine, all puppies in both groups reached protective levels. Discussion This is the first study on evaluation of two commercial vaccines in changes of serum antibody titres against distemper in puppies in Iran. Conclusion It is recommended that veterinarians during consulting use the ELISA to measure antibody titres to optimize the vaccination schedule and reduce the cost of vaccination failure. This is of paramount importance for puppies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…They compared two vaccines made in Brazil and in the United States. They observed no significant difference in the amount of antibody titre produced (Ogbu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of maternally derived antibodies on two commercial vaccines in changes of serum antibody titres against distemper in puppies

Shams

Pourtaghi

2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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The first study on confirmation and risk factors of acute and chronic canine distemper in stray dogs in Wasit Province, Iraq, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

2022

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Background and Aim: In Iraq, stray dogs represent a critical population of free-roaming animals, which probably play a role in the transmission of different infections to other animals. Canine distemper is one of the most growing viral threats to carnivores in many countries worldwide, including Iraq. Therefore, this study was aimed to diagnose the disease using serological and molecular assay and the role of risk factors in the spreading infection. Materials and Methods: In all, 158 venous blood samples were collected randomly from stray dogs in rural and sub-urban areas of Iraq from May 2019 to December 2020. The samples were examined serologically using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), and molecularly by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect and confirm chronic and acute infections. To determine the association between infection and various risk factors, the study animals were divided according to their locations, sexes, and ages. The age groups were ≤8 months (puppy), 1-3 years (young), and ≥3 years (old/mature). Results: ELISA result shows that 6.96% and 19.62% of dogs were seropositive for acute and chronic distemper, respectively. The titer of chronic infections (0.421±0.027) was significantly higher (p≤0.025) than that of acute canine distemper (0.337±0.016). On RT-PCR, 8.86% of dogs were found positive for distemper. Using RT-PCR as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the IgM ELISA kit were 75% and 98.63%, respectively, whereas the positive and negative predictivity were 81.82% and 97.96%, respectively. A significant variation (p<0.05) was observed in the distribution of positive findings among the different epidemiological risk factors. Compared with rural areas, positivity was significantly higher (p<0.05) in sub-urban areas on IgM (26.92%) and IgG (64.15%) ELISA and RT-PCR (34.62%). On IgM ELISA and RT-PCR, no significant differences (p>0.05) were found among the three age groups; however, positivity was significantly higher (p≤0.048) in the ≥3 years group (22.73%) on IgG ELISA. Furthermore, only IgG ELISA showed a significantly higher (p≤0.032) positivity rate in female dogs (25.23%) than in male dogs (7.84%). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Iraqi study to demonstrate acute and chronic canine distemper in stray dogs, suggesting that the prolonged shedding of virus from positive dogs is a critical point in the epidemiology of the disease. Additional studies in dogs or other carnivores are required to establish baseline data on the prevalence of the disease in Iraq.

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Evaluation of Antibody Titre of Dogs Vaccinated against Canine Distemper in Jos, Plateau State

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of maternally derived antibodies on two commercial vaccines in changes of serum antibody titres against distemper in puppies

Effect of maternally derived antibodies on two commercial vaccines in changes of serum antibody titres against distemper in puppies

The first study on confirmation and risk factors of acute and chronic canine distemper in stray dogs in Wasit Province, Iraq, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

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