Evaluation of anticancer potential of Thai medicinal herb extracts against cholangiocarcinoma cell lines

Abstract

Although cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has a low incidence globally, this is extremely high in Northeast Thailand. The lack of both early detection measures and effective therapeutic drugs is the major problem for the poor prognosis of CCA patients. Based on regional knowledge, it would be advantageous to search for effective natural phyto-products for the treatment of CCA. Cardiospermum halicacabum L., Gomphrena celosioides Mart. and Scoparia dulcis L., very well-known medicinal herbs in Asian countries, were selected for the investigation of inhibitory effects on CCA cells. Of the three different ethanolic extracts, S . dulcis L extract showed most inhibitory effects on cell growth of CCA cell lines KKU-100 and KKU-213, at percentages of 56.06 and 74.76, respectively, compared to the untreated group after treatment with 250 μg/mL of extracts for 72 hrs. At 400 and 500 μg/mL of the extracts, the inhibitory effect of KKU-213 was indicated by a significant increase in the BAX/Bcl-2 ratio and cell membrane permeability. Moreover, metabolic profiling-based screening employed in the current study revealed a significant positive association between the lignin compound and a decrease in CCA cell viability. Our study suggests, for the first time, that ESD has the ability to inhibit CCA cell growth through the induction of apoptosis.

Metabolic Changes of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells in Response to Coniferyl Alcohol Treatment

“…Therefore, CA was shown to have more inhibitory effect on KKU-213 cell growth compared with KKU-100 ( Figure 1). The IC50 of CA was slightly higher than that of the ethanolic extract of Scoparia dulcis (ESD) on KKU-213 of both treatments for 48 and 72 h compared to our previous study [12]. spectra were aligned, normalized and the scaling aligned in MATLAB software (Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA, USA).…”

“…It is also an intermediate in the biosynthesis of eugenol and coumarin, which show potent anticancer activities [ 10 , 11 ]. Our recent study on metabolic profiling reported a compound from ethanolic Scoparia dulcis L extract with two coniferyl alcohols with β-O-4 linkages, which could potentially induce apoptosis of CCA cells [ 12 ]. However, few studies have reported the biological activity of coniferyl alcohol on cancer inhibition.…”

Phytochemical analysis and cytotoxic activities of two distinct cultivars of Ganyong rhizomes (Canna indica) against the WiDr colon cancer cell line

“…A cytotoxic activity test can be used as the basic principle for screening potential substances for suitability as anticancer agents. The MTT test was also used for screening anticancer activity of natural products such as Cichorium intybus, Zataria multiflora, Morus alba, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Soltanian et al 2017), Cardiospermum halicacabum L., Gomphrena celosioides Mart., and Scoparia dulcis L (Promraksa et al 2019). The basic principle of the MTT assay test was based on the activity of mitochondria in living cells that form formazan crystalline.…”

1H NMR metabolic phenotyping of Dipterocarpus alatus as a novel tool for age and growth determination

“…The liquid extract was evaporated under a vacuum using a rotary evaporator (Buchi, Switzerland). The crude extracts of leaves and barks were separately obtained and stored at 4˚C for further analyses [16].…”

“…To confirm the assignment of correlated resonances, statistical total correlation spectroscopy (STOCSY) was employed. Moreover, the resonances of interest were searched against online metabolite databases such as biological magnetic resonance data bank (BMRD) and human metabolome database (HMDB) [16]. Metabolite list is present in S1 Table in S1 File.…”