Evaluation of antihypertensive polyphenols of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings via their effects on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition

Abstract

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an important therapeutic target in the regulation of high blood pressure. This study was conducted to investigate the alterations in blood pressure associated with ACE inhibition activity of the polyphenols (1–10), including 3-O-feruloylquinic acid (1), lutonarin (2), saponarin (3), isoorientin (4), orientin (5), isovitexin (6), isoorientin-7-O-[6-sinapoyl]-glucoside (7), isoorientin-7-O-[6-feruloyl]-glucoside (8), isovitexin-7-O-[6-sinapoyl]-glucoside (9), and isovitexin-7-O-[6-feruloyl]-glucoside (10), isolated from barley seedlings (BS). All the isolated polyphenols exhibited comparable IC50 values of ACE inhibition activity (7.3–43.8 µM) with quercetin (25.2 ± 0.2 µM) as a positive control, and their inhibition kinetic models were identified as noncompetitive inhibition. Especially, compound 4 was revealed to be an outstanding ACE inhibitor (IC50 = 7.3 ± 0.1 µM, Ki = 6.6 ± 0.1 µM). Based on the compound structure–activity relationships, the free hydroxyl groups of flavone-moieties and glucose connections at the A ring of the flavone moieties were important factors for inhibition of ACE. The alcohol extract of BS also demonstrated potent ACE inhibition activity (66.5% ± 2.2% at 5000 µg mL−1). The polyphenols from BS had strong inhibitory activity on ACE and this study results suggest that BS can be used as an effective blood pressure regulator through ACE inhibition.

Impact of Drying Processes on the Nutritional Composition, Volatile Profile, Phytochemical Content and Bioactivity of Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods

“…The antihypertensive activity of S. ramosissima samples was evaluated through of the ACE inhibition assay. The ACE inhibitors are commonly used in therapy for the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases [ 123 , 124 ]. IC 50 values obtained for the dried plants were significantly different from the IC 50 value of the fresh plant.…”

Polyphenolic Composition and in Vitro Antihypertensive and Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Cuphea lindmaniana and Cuphea urbaniana

“…A raised of reports describe the inhibitory effect of phenolic compounds against human enzymes, [2,5,6,7] thereby potential from phenolic compounds against key‐enzymes, such as angiotensin I‐converting enzyme, cyclooxygenases (COXs), and 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) mainly, are studied [5] . Besides, the neutrophils are the primary cells recruited to inflamed sites during the immune response to tissue damage and/or infection for an effective response.…”

A comparison of nutritional values, physicochemical features and in vitro bioactivities of Southern Thai short‐grain brown rice with commercial long‐grain varieties

“…Polyphenols have been shown in several studies to have antioxidant, antiatherosclerotic, antihypertensive and anti‐inflammatory characteristics (Actis‐Goretta et al ., 2003; Ra et al ., 2020). The biological activities, on the contrary, are influenced by structural factors such as the quantity and position of free –OH substituents, as well as the glycosylation process (Ra et al ., 2020). As a result, each chemical has distinct biological functions.…”