Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of powdered cuttlebone against Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus flavus

Abstract

Background: The presence of medicines in the environment is considered as a serious threat to the human health. The entrance of these substances into the water sources causes soil pollution, which eventually leads to the environmental pollution and it creates some problems for the public health. Also, increasing antibiotic resistant bacteria has attracted the attention of researchers to the use of natural resources such as marine products, for producing new antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial activities of powdered cuttlebone against Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus flavus. Methods: At first, cuttlebones were washed, dried, and powdered. Then, the powdered cuttlebone was characterized. In the next step, its antimicrobial activities were evaluated using agar well diffusion technique, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was calculated. Results: The powdered cuttlebone was found to be effective against K. oxytoca (24 mm, MIC: 10-1 mg/mL), but no antimicrobial response was found against S. aureus. Also, the powdered cuttlebone antifungal activity and MIC against A. flavus were recorded 23 mm and 10-1 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The obtained results suggest antimicrobial activities of powdered cuttlebone, which are concentration dependent. Furthermore, cuttlebone can be used as an accessible natural source to provide novel, low cost, and safe antimicrobial agents.

Frequency and antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pullorum among exposed and non-exposed population

“…One of the most interesting aspects of the present study is determining the antibiotic resistance pattern of H. pullorum among human population. It is thought that the use of novel antibiotics is indispensable for controlling the outbreak of new infectious diseases (26). The reason why the disk diffusion method was used in this study could be that this method is cost-effective, less time consuming, and user friendly in clinical practice (27).…”

“…The reason why the disk diffusion method was used in this study could be that this method is cost-effective, less time consuming, and user friendly in clinical practice (27). Moreover, there have been several reports demonstrating the usefulness of this method for analyzing the phenotypic resistance of the microaerophilic bacteria like Helicobacter or Campylobacter in humans and poultry throughout the world (7,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). However, given that there are very few studies about the antibiogram of H. pullorum among people with gastroenteritis, the results of the present study could not be fully supported (31,32).…”

The Use of Shells of Marine Molluscs in Spanish Ethnomedicine: A Historical Approach and Present and Future Perspectives

“…Likewise, antimicrobial activities of powdered cuttlebone have been demonstrated, and it can be used as an accessible natural source to provide novel, low-cost and safe antimicrobial agents [119]. For example, powdered cuttlebone has been found to be effective against the bacterium Klebsiella oxytoca, and antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus has been also recorded [120].…”