Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Citrus medica Fruit Juice Based Carbon Dots against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the common immortal pathogens that cause intense chronic infections in low-immunity patients, significantly evading the immune system and suppressing the respiratory system. This work reports on the synthesis of prominent members of the carbon family, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), from a natural carbon precursor, Citrus medica (C. medica) fruit, and their inhibiting property against P. aeruginosa. CQDs synthesized by the conventional hydrothermal method with an average particle size of 4.5 nm exhibit renowned antimicrobial properties. To enhance the properties of the CQDs, nitrogen was doped using ammonium hydroxide as a nitrogen source, and absorption and fluorescence studies and the elemental composition of CQDs were also reported. CQDs potentially inhibited the growth of bacteria at the lowest concentration level of 1.25% (v/v). Similarly, CQDs moderately inhibited biofilm formation at the concentration level of 0.07% (v/v) for both clinical and control strains of P. aeruginosa. A fluorescence microscopy study revealed that the treated strain shows a moderately reduced biofilm formation when compared to the control strain of P. aeruginosa PAO1.

Plant-derived nanoparticles as alternative therapy against Diarrheal pathogens in the era of antimicrobial resistance: A review

“…coli and Salmonella species, which are the most frequently isolated Diarrheal pathogens ( Shahshahanipour et al, 2019 ). Similar reports on the antimicrobial efficacy of PDNPs synthesized from extracts of Citrus medica against MDR and biofilm-producing bacteria have also been documented ( Selvaraju et al, 2022 ). The compounds in plants when present in the PDNPs, contribute in the treatment of diseases ( Ajose et al, 2022 ), thus a valuable source for alternative non-antibiotic therapeutic agents.…”

An Insight into Citrus medica Linn.: A Systematic Review on Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities

“…Nanomaterials were obtained from C. medica by Selvaraju et al Specifically, starting with the fruit extract, they obtained carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and tested their capacity to act on the pathogen P. aeruginosa. As shown by the crystal violet staining assay, the CQDs inhibited the growth of the bacteria with a MIC of 1.25% ( v / v ) [ 88 ]. A cyclic peptide previously isolated from the fruit peel of C. medica var.…”

Fluorescent Nanocarbons: From Synthesis and Structure to Cancer Imaging and Therapy

“…Table 2 provides a comprehensive list of some of these studies, with a succinct description of the natural renewable waste materials and reaction conditions that resulted in the synthesis of highly crystalline and emissive CDs. A few examples of renewable sources that could be carbonized to form CDs include, but not limited to, fruit juice, [ 229 ] green tea leaf, [ 230 ] lotus root, [ 231 ] spices, [ 232 ] eggshell membrane, [ 233 ] sugarcane waste, [ 234 ] and cassava starch. [ 235 ] Protein products, including cow milk, [ 236 ] waste silk, [ 237 ] and wool, [ 238 ] could also simultaneously serve as carbon and nitrogen sources for the preparation of self‐passivated CDs.…”