Evaluation of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and hemolytic activities from venom of the spider Lasiodora sp.

Abstract

This study characterized the protein/peptide profile of venom isolated from the spider Lasiodora sp. (Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) found in northeastern Brazil and determined its antimicrobial activity, toxicity against human cells, and hemolytic activity. Protein concentration of the Lasiodora sp. venom was 4.53 ± 0.38 mg/mL. SDS-PAGE showed proteins with molecular masses up to 75 kDa, some of which contained disulfide bridges. RP-HPLC analysis separate at least 12 peaks that were identified by mass spectrometry as peptides U-theraphotoxin-Lp1a (lasiotoxin-1), U-theraphotoxin-Lp1c (lasiotoxin-3), U-theraphotoxin-Lsp1a (LTx5), and ω-theraphotoxin-Asp3a as well as the proteins phospholipase A (PLA) and hyaluronidase. The crude venom exhibited bactericidal effect against Aeromonas sp., Bacillus subtilis, and Micrococcus luteus and fungicidal effect against Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans. In addition, the venom exerted bacteriostatic effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus and fungistatic effect against Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei. The minimum inhibitory (MIC), minimum bactericidal (MBC), and minimum fungicidal (MFC) concentrations ranged from 3.9 to 500 μg/mL. The Lasiodora sp. venom decreased the viability of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by 50%-90% at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/mL, promoting apoptosis of these cells. On the other hand, the venom showed weak hemolytic activity against Mus musculus erythrocytes (EC: 757 μg/mL). In conclusion, the Lasiodora sp. spider venom is a rich source of antimicrobial agents. Future studies will focus on identifying antimicrobial agents present in this venom and evaluating whether these agents contribute to its cytotoxic effects against PBMCs.

Biochemical and structural characterization of a protein complex containing a hyaluronidase and a CRISP-like protein isolated from the venom of the spider Acanthoscurria natalensis

“…AnHyal was obtained in a single chromatographic step, similarly to hyaluronidase from Tityus stigmurus and Lasiodora sp. [36,37]. Hyaluronidases from the spiders Hippasa partita, Vitalius dubius and Cupiennius salei [7,38,39] have already been purified, but the purification process involved several chromatographic steps.…”

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“…Similar activity was reported in the spider venom peptide Lycosin-II [12] and latarcin against clinically isolated bacterial pathogens. [12,13] Similar MIC and MBC from 3.9 to 500 μg/mL were reported in Aeromonas sp., Bacillus subtilis, and Micrococcus luteus by Ferreira et al, 2016, in spider Lasiodora sp. Similarly, Lycosin-I peptide is isolated from the venom of the spider Lycosa singorensis shows much higher antipathogenic activity in vitro bioassays against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.…”

“…[5] Spider toxins are also good antibacterial agents as they were found active against positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus /methicillin-resistant S. aureus [6] and show bacteriostatic effect against number of bacterial strains such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and S. aureus and fungistatic effect against Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei. [2] These animal origin natural products show more potency against human pathogens and are less toxic than synthetic antibiotics. Lycosin-II isolated from the venom of the spider Lycosa singoriensis displays potent bacteriostatic effect against drug-resistant bacterial strains.…”

Arminin 1a-C, a novel antimicrobial peptide from ancient metazoan <em>Hydra</em>, shows potent antileukemia activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant leukemia cells

“…PBMCs were obtained from heparinized blood samples of healthy donors and were isolated using a standard method of Ficoll-Hypaque density-gradient centrifugation (catalog number LTS1077; Haoyang Bioscience, Tianjin, China). 20 All donors signed an informed consent form, and the experimental protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University (LDYYLL2017-20). All the cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium with 10% FBS at 37°C in 5% CO 2 .…”