Evaluation of antioxidant activities, total phenolic content (TPC), and total catechin content (TCC) of 10 sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) cultivar peels grown in Thailand

Abstract

Antioxidant activities, total phenolic content (TPC), and total catechin content were analyzed in the ethanol extracts of 10 sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) cultivar peels grown in Thailand. Antioxidant activity assays carried out in the this study were the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation scavenging activity, and oxygen radical absorbance activity (DRAC). 'Nhur Thong' , 'Nung Keaw' , and 'Fai Keaw' showed high percentage fruit peel (over 38.0%). 'Nhur Thong' , 'Nung Keaw' , and 'Fai Keaw' ethanol extracts possessed high antioxidant capacities in the majority of methods used, and thus could be potential candidate of natural antioxidants. 'Fai Keaw' showed the best activity in the ABTS (1.57 mmol of trolox/g dry sample), FRAP (0.43 mmol of trolox/g dry sample), and DRAC assays (2.84 mmol of trolox/g dry sample), as well as the highest content of TPC (140.4 mg) per gram dry sugar apple peel among the 10 cultivars. TPC showed a positive correlation compared with all antioxidant activity assays. On conclusion, 'Fai Keaw' could be utilized as an excellent phenolic compound source for functional food products.

LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of Phenolics from Custard Apple Fruit and By-Products

“…With regards to seed and pulp portions, African pride had the highest phenolic content (1.40 ± 0.07 mg GAE/g and 3.81 ± 0.17 mg GAE/g, respectively) when compared to the other varieties. Previously, Manochai et al [5] reported values that range between 33.8 and 140.4 mg GAE/g, where the African pride showed higher values than those found in our study. The variation in the concentration of total phenolics in the custard apple might be due to the different concentrations of solvents used for extraction [24].…”

“…Correlations between ABTS radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity were found to be highly interrelated in our research. Manochai et al [5] reported a strong correlation between TPC and ABTS radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing ability of plasma with r 2 values of 0.958 (p < 0.01) and 0.995 (p < 0.01), respectively, when analyzing the peel of 10 sugar apples. Nam et al [43] obtained a negative correlation between DPPH radical scavenging activity, TPC and other antioxidant activities in pawpaw, and their results were similar to our study.…”

“…Separations 2021, 8, 62 2 of 26 are two other popular custard apple cultivars. African Pride variety is rich in phytochemicals (catechin and epicatechin gallate) and phytonutrients, including carbohydrates and crude proteins, whereas Pink's Mammoth has a high mineral content, including calcium and zinc [5].…”

Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Potential of the Brown Seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata in an in vitro Parkinson’s Disease Model

“…In fact, the existence of a correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity has been reported by several authors [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. According to the results obtained, it is possible to verify this relation in the PCA, in which the fractions that presented high total content of polyphenols also presented a high capacity of radical DPPH reduction.…”

Predictive study of the Bioconcentration of Organochlorine Compounds by a QSPR Model

“…In a recent research, 10 sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) cultivar peels from Thailand were evaluated. The content of antioxidants was notably lower (ranging from 0.4 to 32 mg/kg) [57] than these obtained to the inajá pulp (181.9 mg/kg), and higher to the biribá pulp (<LOD) which belongs to the same botanic family. The inajá pulp showed a different stilbenes profile highlighting the resveratrol content, which inhibits the formation of free radicals and has antimutagenic activity [58].…”