Fruits and derivatives, such as juices, are complex mixtures of chemicals, some of
which may have mutagenic and/or carcinogenic potential, while others may have
antimutagenic and/or anticancer activities. The modulating effects of honey-sweetened
cashew apple nectar (HSCAN), on somatic mutation and recombination induced by ethyl
methanesulfonate (EMS) and mitomycin C (MMC) were evaluated with the wing spot test
in Drosophila melanogaster using co- and post-treatment protocols.
Additionally, the antimutagenic activity of two HSCAN components, cashew apple pulp
and honey, in MMC-induced DNA damage was also investigated. HSCAN reduced the
mutagenic activity of both EMS and MMC in the co-treatment protocol, but had a
co-mutagenic effect when post-administered. Similar results were also observed with
honey on MMC mutagenic activity. Cashew apple pulp was effective in exerting
protective or enhancing effects on the MMC mutagenicity, depending on the
administration protocol and concentration used. Overall, these results indicate that
HSCAN, cashew apple and honey seem capable of modulating not only the events that
precede the induced DNA damages, but also the Drosophila DNA repair
processes involved in the correction of EMS and MMC-induced damages.