Evaluation of aortic insufficiency by Doppler color flow mapping

Abstract

The color Doppler echocardiographic studies and aortic angiograms of all patients who had these procedures performed within 2 weeks of each other between October 1984 and August 1985 were reviewed to determine whether any parameters of the regurgitant jet visualized by color Doppler study predicted the severity of aortic insufficiency as assessed by angiographic grading. Patients with an aortic valve prosthesis were excluded. Twenty-nine patients had aortic insufficiency and had adequate color Doppler studies for analysis. The mean time between color Doppler examination and angiography was 2.3 days (range 0 to 12). The maximal length and area of the regurgitant jet were poorly predictive of the angiographic grade of aortic insufficiency. The short-axis area of the regurgitant jet from the parasternal short-axis view at the level of the high left ventricular outflow tract relative to the short-axis area of the left ventricular outflow tract at the same location best predicted angiographic grade, correctly classifying 23 of 24 patients. However, the jet could be seen from this view in only 24 of the 29 patients. The height of the regurgitant jet relative to left ventricular outflow tract height measured from the parasternal long-axis view just beneath the aortic valve correctly classified 23 of the 29 patients. Mitral stenosis or valve prosthesis, which was present in 10 patients, did not interfere with the diagnosis or quantitation of aortic insufficiency by these methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Characteristic cardiovascular manifestation in homozygous and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia

“…The AR was graded from I to IV by the ratio of the regurgitant jet height divided by the left ventricular tract height (grade I < 25%, II < 47%, III < 65% and IV 65% and above) (27), and the MR was graded from I to IV by the length of the regurgitant signals ( grade I <1.5cm, II < 3.0cm, III < 4.5cm and IV above 4.5cm) (28). The aortic transvalvular pressure gradient was evaluated using the simplified Bernoulli's equation by the maximal flow velocity just above the aortic valve with the continuous wave Doppler method by the apical approach.…”

Quantification of mitral regurgitation with MR phase‐velocity mapping using a control volume method

“…Angio graphy (1) has been the standard clinical technique, but it is invasive, only semiquantitative, and involves radia tion exposure. A variety of echocardiographic and MRI techniques (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) have been studied recently to assess mitral regurgitation. They focused on the jet side of the regurgitant valve in an attempt to correlate the geomet rical parameters of the regurgitant jet in the left atrium with the severity of the disease.…”

The Dutch experience of open access echocardiography

“…Aortic insufficiency was measured using the criteria of Perry and Reynolds. 18,19 Aortic valve insufficiency was assumed to be significant if it was more than grade 2. Aortic valve stenosis was assumed to be clinically important if the maximal gradient was >30 mmHg or the mean gradient >20 mmHg.…”