Evaluation of Artemia sp. (Branchiopoda, Artemiidae) as an alternative prey for laboratory rearing of Tupiocoris cucurbitaceus (Hemiptera: Miridae), a predator of horticultural pests

Abstract

Tupiocoris cucurbitaceus (Spinola) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a predator of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) present in several American countries. Rearing this bug requires the use of plants as ovipositional substrate and a prey to feed on to complete its development. Artemia sp. (Branchiopoda, Artemiidae) cyst, a crustacean tested for the laboratory rearing of other hemipteran species, could be used as food, being less expensive than the species commonly employed (Sitotroga cerealella [Olivier] [Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae]). The objective of the present study was to determine nymphal developmental time, nymphal mortality, fertility, and sex ratio of T. cucurbitaceus fed on Artemia sp. cysts. Three diets were used during the rearing of three generations: S. cerealella eggs, Artemia sp. cysts and a mix of both species. The nymphal developmental time (11 to 13 days), nymphal mortality (40 to 66 %), and adult fertility (74 to 101 nymphs / female) were similar for all diets. In all cases, the adults showed a high female proportion (0.67-0.97). In conclusion, Artemia sp. cysts are suitable for T. cucurbitaceus laboratory rearing at least for three generations.