Evaluation of associations of GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotypes with the susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration: A meta-analysis

Saadat, Mostafa

doi:10.5937/scriptamed52-30739

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, the progression of this disease is determined in 50-60% of cases by the polymorphisms in three genes that encode the following: CFH (rs1061170), ARMS2 (rs10490924), and Il-8 (rs2227306) [93]. Other polymorphisms are less likely to correlate with the development of AMD, but their influence has been confirmed in other studies [81,[93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104]. Genes and their polymorphisms are presented in Table 3.…”

Section: The Role Of Polymorphisms In Amdmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Unfortunately, a meta-analysis conducted in 2021 showed no significant associations between GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphisms and the development of AMD in a Caucasian population [102]. Additionally, a meta-analysis conducted in 2022 showed no significant role of polymorphisms of GSTM1 (rs1183423000), GSTT1 (rs1601993659), and GSTP1 (rs1695) in the development of AMD [103].…”

Section: Gpx1 Pro197leumentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Glutathione in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Brodzka,

Baszyński,

Rektor

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic disease that usually develops in older people. Pathogenetic changes in this disease include anatomical and functional complexes. Harmful factors damage the retina and macula. These changes may lead to partial or total loss of vision. The disease can occur in two clinical forms: dry (the progression is slow and gentle) and exudative (wet—progression is acute and severe), which usually starts in the dry form; however, the coexistence of both forms is possible. The etiology of AMD is not fully understood, and the precise mechanisms of the development of this illness are still unknown. Extensive genetic studies have shown that AMD is a multi-factorial disease and that genetic determinants, along with external and internal environmental and metabolic-functional factors, are important risk factors. This article reviews the role of glutathione (GSH) enzymes engaged in maintaining the reduced form and polymorphism in glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase mu-1 (GSTM1) in the development of AMD. We only chose papers that confirmed the influence of the parameters on the development of AMD. Because GSH is the most important antioxidant in the eye, it is important to know the influence of the enzymes and genetic background to ensure an optimal level of glutathione concentration. Numerous studies have been conducted on how the glutathione system works till today. This paper presents the current state of knowledge about the changes in GSH, GST, GR, and GPx in AMD. GST studies clearly show increased activity in ill people, but for GPx, the results relating to activity are not so clear. Depending on the research, the results also suggest higher and lower GPx activity in patients with AMD. The analysis of polymorphisms in GST genes confirmed that mutations lead to weaker antioxidant barriers and may contribute to the development of AMD; unfortunately, a meta-analysis and some research did not confirm that connection. Unspecific results of many of the parameters that make up the glutathione system show many unknowns. It is so important to conduct further research to understand the exact mechanism of defense functions of glutathione against oxidative stress in the human eye.

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