Evaluation of atlantooccipital overlapping and cerebral ventricle size in dogs with atlantoaxial instability

Takahashi, Fumitaka; Kouno, Shigenori; Yamaguchi, Shinya; Hara, Yasushi

doi:10.1292/jvms.17-0553

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The association of a shorter distance between the cranial tip of dorsal arch of the atlas and the foramen magnum line based on CT measurements with the presence of SM is in line with findings of a previous study on a population of various dog breeds, but in contrast to findings of other studies on various breeds and Chihuahuas [3,4,23,31,32]. A review on diagnostic imaging characteristics of CM/SM also mentions that the risk of SM increases with decreased atlanto-occipital distance [6], but the references listed there do not all entirely reflect this statement.…”

Section: Quantitative Mri-and Ct-based Measurementssupporting

confidence: 90%

Craniocervical Morphometry in Pomeranians—Part II: Associations with Chiari-like Malformation and Syringomyelia

Santifort,

Bellekom,

Carrera

et al. 2024

Animals

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Background: The aim of Part II of this two-part study is to describe and analyze the association of various aspects and measurements related to the morphometry of the skull and craniocervical region to CM/SM status of Pomeranians, by means of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Prospectively, Pomeranians were included that underwent both CT and MRI studies of the head and cervicothoracic vertebral column. For those cases where qualitative classifications differed between observers, the experienced observer re-evaluated the studies and decided on a final classification that was used for further analysis. For quantitative measurements, the means of the observers’ measurements were used for analysis. Results: Among statistically significant differences in measurements, we found that dogs with SM had a significantly shorter clivus length based on both MRI (p = 0.01) and CT measurements (p = 0.01), and a significantly smaller caudal cranial fossa area based on both MRI (p = 0.02) and CT measurements (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Significant morphometrical differences were identified between dogs with or without CM/SM. The findings in this study add to those already described in other breeds and provide further insight into factors that may play a role in the pathogenesis of CM/SM in Pomeranians.

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Section: Quantitative Mri-and Ct-based Measurementssupporting

confidence: 90%

Craniocervical Morphometry in Pomeranians—Part II: Associations with Chiari-like Malformation and Syringomyelia

Santifort,

Bellekom,

Carrera

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…Apart from the original description, we did not identify further evidence that AO by itself is corresponding to clinical signs. However, in seven reported dogs AO and SM coexist (35,36). Hence, whether AO represents normal variation in small brachycephalic dogs or is a key finding responsible for clinical signs and needs to be treated is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Systematic minireview of the craniocervical junction in dogs with and without brachycephaly

Wess,

Kneissl

2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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ObjectiveTo identify, quantify and compare clinical and concurrent imaging findings of occipital hypoplasia (OH), syringomyelia (SM) and atlanto-occipital overlapping (AO) in dogs with or without brachycephaly.MethodsA focused systematic search for literature was performed in the Web of Science™, PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Both authors screened and classified the identified articles using EndNote and appraised the articles using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklists. The main clinical and concurrent imaging features were extracted and evaluated for coexistence of OH, SM, AO, and other imaging findings.ResultsThirty-one articles were included in this minireview. For articles focusing on descriptions of OH, SM and AO, 249 dogs had at least one of these conditions, and 3 of these 249 dogs (1%) had coexistence of all three conditions. For articles focusing on descriptions of the dogs, OH, SM, and AO were identified in 552/19/11/11, 574/2/0/6, and 100/0/0/0 small brachycephalic, small non-brachycephalic, large brachycephalic, and large non-brachycephalic breeds, respectively. For all small brachycephalic dogs, the percentages of affected animals were 40% for OH (p = 0.01), 42% for SM (p < 0.01) and 7% for AO (p = 0.033). The number of dogs having AO and clinical symptoms is low (n = 5).ConclusionOH, SM and AO are more likely to affect small dogs. AO might be limited to small brachycephalic breeds owing to the geometry of the craniocervical junction. Hence, AO alone might not lead to SM. In individual dogs, readers should carefully interpret the clinical relevance of OH or AO in the absence of SM.

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“…The atlantoaxial band was assessed on T2-weighted sagittal images [21]. The atlantoaxial instability, medullary kinking, and arachnoid cyst were assessed on T1-weighted sagittal images [15,[21][22][23].…”

Section: A a B B C Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging features of syringobulbia in small breed dogs

Song,

Lee,

Song

et al. 2023

Korean J Vet Res

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Syringobulbia is a rare neurological disorder characterized by a fluid-filled cavity in the brainstem. In this study, clinical signs, features on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the diseases present concurrently with syringobulbia were investigated in 33 small breed dogs. Most dogs (97%) had concurrent syringomyelia, and some dogs (24%) presented with vestibular or cranial nerve symptoms associated with the medulla oblongata. MRIs revealed slit-like, bulbous, and vertical linear shapes of the cavities on T2-weighted hyperintense and T1-weighted hypointense signals similar to the cerebrospinal fluid. Chiari-like malformations were identified in all dogs. This study highlights the association of syringobulbia with syringomyelia and Chiari-like malformations in small breed dogs with or without brainstem-associated clinical signs.

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Evaluation of atlantooccipital overlapping and cerebral ventricle size in dogs with atlantoaxial instability

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Craniocervical Morphometry in Pomeranians—Part II: Associations with Chiari-like Malformation and Syringomyelia

Craniocervical Morphometry in Pomeranians—Part II: Associations with Chiari-like Malformation and Syringomyelia

Systematic minireview of the craniocervical junction in dogs with and without brachycephaly

Magnetic resonance imaging features of syringobulbia in small breed dogs

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