Evaluation of Atmospheric PCDD/Fs at Two High-Altitude Stations in Vietnam and Taiwan during Southeast Asia Biomass Burning

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Winter monsoonal air masses traveling from Inner Mongolia to downwind nations can transport cold temperature and air pollutants. This study investigated the effects of the long-range transport (LRT) of air pollutants by northeastern monsoons and local pollution (LP) episodes on atmospheric PM 2.5 , polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) concentrations in northern Taiwan during the winters of 2014 and 2015. Air samples were collected in rural (Rural Site 1 was mountainous; Rural Site 2 was coastal) and urban (Urban Site 1 was urban; Urban Site 2 was suburban) areas in northern Taiwan as well as at a background site (Lulin Mountain) in central Taiwan. Atmospheric PCDD/F concentrations measured at different sites ranged from 11.0 ± 2.70 to 39.7 ± 22.7 fg international toxicity equivalency quantity (I-TEQ) m -3 in 2014 and 7.99 ± 5.58 to 17.5 ± 12.3 fg I-TEQ m -3 in 2015. During LRT and LP, the proportion of PCDFs was higher than that of PCDDs. Rural Site 1 (122 pg I-TEQ g

Section: Variation Of Atmospheric Pcdd/f Concentrations Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Variation of PM2.5 and Atmospheric PCDD/Fs in Northern Taiwan during Winter Monsoon and Local Pollution Episodes

Hsien¹,

Li²,

Hung³

2017

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“…Climate change and increasing climate variability have the potential to influence the emission, distribution and degradation of PCDD/Fs (Bogdal et al, 2010;Chi et al, 2014Chi et al, , 2015. Factors that have been proposed by the United Nations Environment Programme as the key ones influencing the environmental fate of transportation of PCDD/Fs include the re-evaporation of secondary sources, wind, precipitation, ocean currents, the melting of ice caps and mountains glaciers at the poles, the frequency of extreme weather events, the degradation and transportation of POPs, environmental partitioning and biotic transportation (UNEP/AMAP, 2011; Chi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Part II: PM2.5 and Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the Ambient Air of Northern China

Xing¹,

Tang²,

Lee³

et al. 2017

During 2014During -2016, this study investigated the atmospheric PM 2.5 , R M , PM 2.5 /PM 10 , PCDD/Fs-WHO 2005 -TEQ, and PM 2.5 -bound total-PCDD/Fs-WHO 2005 -TEQ content of 22 cities in northern China. In general, the more highly industrialized cities had higher PM 2.5 concentrations. The lowest three-year average concentrations of PM 2.5 occurred at Lhasa and Qiqihar, and were 25.2 and 36.7 µg m -3 , respectively, while the highest concentrations of PM 2.5 occurred at Baoding and Shijiazhuang, and were 106 and 102 µg m -3 , respectively. From 2015 to 2016, the PM 2.5 concentrations of most cities decreased, but those of several others (Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan, Yinchuan, Lhasa, Sinning, Urumqi, Weinan and Xian) increased, suggesting that the air quality of these was still not well controlled. The average of R M values of the 22 cities were 7.2, 6.5, and 6.1 in 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively, which means the PM 2.5 concentrations in northern China were much higher than the WHO air quality regulated standard (10 µg m -3 ). A city with a higher PM 2.5 concentration always had a higher PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio. Among the 22 cities, the six highest three-year averages of total-PCDD/Fs-WHO 2005 . The PM 2.5 concentrations, R M values and PCDD/Fs-WHO 2005 -TEQ concentrations in the cities of northern China are higher than those in the south, indicating that the air quality in the north is worse than in the south. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for proposing air pollution control strategies and improving the atmospheric environment in China.

“…Their results may be argued on the basis of the insignificant increases of PAH concentrations during biomass-burning seasons relative to the background pollutants (e.g., traffic emissions) from human habitations. Chang et al (2013) and Chi et al (2016) hypothesized that the increased levels of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds measured at LABS were contributed by the biomass burning in northern SAP and under favorable long-range transport conditions. observed 50 organic compounds present in biomass-burning particles.…”

Section: Air Quality and Implications To Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite-Surface Perspectives of Air Quality and Aerosol-Cloud Effects on the Environment: An Overview of 7-SEAS/BASELInE

Tsay

Maring²,

Lin

et al. 2016

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The objectives of 7-SEAS/BASELInE (Seven SouthEast Asian Studies/Biomass-burning Aerosols & Stratocumulus Environment: Lifecycles & Interactions Experiment) campaigns in spring 2013-2015 were to synergize measurements from uniquely distributed ground-based networks (e.g., AERONET, MPLNET) and sophisticated platforms (e.g., SMARTLabs, regional contributing instruments), along with satellite observations/retrievals and regional atmospheric transport/chemical models to establish a critically needed database, and to advance our understanding of biomass-burning aerosols and trace gases in Southeast Asia (SEA). We present a satellite-surface perspective of 7-SEAS/BASELInE and highlight scientific findings concerning: (1) regional meteorology of moisture fields conducive to the production and maintenance of low-level stratiform clouds over land, (2) atmospheric composition in a biomass-burning environment, particularly tracers/markers to serve as important indicators for assessing the state and evolution of atmospheric constituents, (3) applications of remote sensing to air quality and impact on radiative energetics, examining the effect of diurnal variability of boundary-layer height on aerosol loading, (4) aerosol hygroscopicity and ground-based cloud radar measurements in aerosol-cloud processes by advanced cloud ensemble models, and (5) implications of air quality, in terms of toxicity of nanoparticles and trace gases, to human health. This volume is the third 7-SEAS special issue (after Atmospheric Research, vol. 122, 2013; and Atmospheric Environment, vol. 78, 2013) and includes 27 papers published, with emphasis on air quality and aerosol-cloud effects on the environment. BASELInE observations of stratiform clouds over SEA are unique, such clouds are embedded in a heavy aerosol-laden environment and feature characteristically greater stability over land than over ocean, with minimal radar surface clutter at a high vertical spatial resolution. To * Corresponding author.Tel.: +13016146188; Fax: +13016146307 E-mail address: si-chee.tsay@nasa.gov ** Corresponding author.Tel./Fax: +886-3-4254069 E-mail address: nhlin@cc.ncu.edu.tw Tsay et al., Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 16: 2581-2602, 2016 2582 facilitate an improved understanding of regional aerosol-cloud effects, we envision that future BASELInE-like measurement/modeling needs fall into two categories: (1) efficient yet critical in-situ profiling of the boundary layer for validating remote-sensing/retrievals and for initializing regional transport/chemical and cloud ensemble models, and (2) fully utilizing the high observing frequencies of geostationary satellites for resolving the diurnal cycle of the boundarylayer height as it affects the loading of biomass-burning aerosols, air quality and radiative energetics.