Evaluation of Automated Vehicle Technology for Transit

Deployment Scenarios for First/Last-Mile Operations With Driverless Shuttles Based on Literature Review and Stakeholder Survey

“…Respondents were provided with information about the vehicles capacity, autonomy, operational and maximum speed and purchase and operational costs. Information was retrieved from vehicles websites and technical reports [57], [58], [59], [13] and are updated as of November 2020. Subsequently, respondents were asked which of these vehicles has the highest potential to be integrated into a public transport system as a first/last-mile option and to motivate their choice.…”

“…Driverless shuttles are mostly operated as pilots and demonstrations [11], and often research is linked to these pilots to test vehicles technical capabilities and to measure passenger reaction and willingness to use [13], [10]. So far in Europe, 118 demonstrations were performed starting from 2004 and some more are planned for the upcoming years.…”