Evaluation of Bacterial Contamination as an Indicator of Viral Contamination in a Sedimentary Aquifer in Uruguay

Gamazo, Pablo; Victoria, Matías; Schijven, Jack; Alvareda, Elena; Tort, Luis Fernando López; Ramos, Jesús; Olivera, María Noel; Lizasoain, Andrés; Sapriza, Gonzalo; Castells, Matías; Colina, Rodney

doi:10.1007/s12560-018-9341-9

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…There was no association between the detection of culturable EC and HAdV DNA and no correlation between the concentrations of these markers. Similarly, previous studies have reported an absence of association between the detection of indicator bacteria and enteric viruses in groundwater samples in Uruguay (Gamazo et al, 2018) and a lack of correlation between their concentrations in surface water in Korea (Lee et al, 2013) andin Brazil (Dalla Vecchia et al, 2015), as well as in effluents from wastewater treatment plants in South Africa (Adefisoye et al, 2016). On the other hand, a recent study by Girardi et al (2019) found a significant and direct correlation between the concentration of EC and total coliforms in relation to the concentration of adenovirus of species F in surface water in southern Brazil, but, as in the present study, such correlation was absent in relation to HAdV-C. Miao et al (2018) found a significant and positive correlation between the concentrations of total coliforms and EV, but this bacterial indicator failed to predict contamination by several other viruses, including HAdV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Escherichia coli, Species C Human Adenovirus, and Enterovirus in Water Samples Consumed in Rural Areas of Goiás, Brazil

et al. 2021

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Rural environments lack basic sanitation services. Facilities for obtaining water and disposing sewage are often under the initiative of each resident, who may not be able to build and maintain them properly. Thus, water for human consumption is subject to fecal contamination and, consequently, the presence of waterborne pathogens, such as enteric viruses. This study evaluated fecal contamination of water samples from individual sources used for domestic water supply on small farms in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Samples were collected from 78 houses whose water sources were tubular wells, dug wells, springs, and surface waters. Escherichia coli (EC) bacteria, analyzed by the defined chromogenic substrate method, was used as a traditional indicator of fecal contamination. The enteric viruses Human mastadenovirus (HAdV) and Enterovirus (EV), analyzed by qPCR, were tested as complementary indicators of fecal contamination. At least one of these markers was found in 89.7% of the samples. Detection rates were 79.5% for EC, 52.6% for HAdV, and 5.1% for EV. The average concentration for EC was 8.82 × 10 1 most probable number (MPN) per 100 mL, while for HAdV and EV the concentrations were 7.51 × 10 5 and 1.89 × 10 6 genomic copies (GC) per liter, respectively. EC was the most frequent marker in ground and surface water samples. HAdV was detected significantly more frequently in groundwater than in surface water and was more efficient in indicating contamination in tubular wells. There was no association of frequencies or correlation of concentrations between EC and HAdV. HAdV indicated human fecal contamination and performed well as a complementary indicator. The results reveal that a large part of the analyzed population is vulnerable to waterborne diseases caused by enteric pathogens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Escherichia coli, Species C Human Adenovirus, and Enterovirus in Water Samples Consumed in Rural Areas of Goiás, Brazil

et al. 2021

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“…It also meant acute gastroenteritis viruses should not be an alternative indicator of fecal or EnVs pollution even if there is prolonged virus persistence in the environment. Some previous studies [ 32 , 33 ] have also suggested that bacteriological indicators e.g., TC concentrations do not accurately reflect human viral (HRVs, HuNoVs GII, and HAdVs) dispersal in marine waters, individual groundwater, and contamination of shellfish by sewage-derived viral pathogens.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total coliforms as an indicator of human enterovirus presence in surface water across Tianjin city, China

Miao¹,

Guo²,

Liu³

et al. 2018

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundEnteric viruses in surface water pose considerable risk to morbidity in populations living around water catchments and promote outbreaks of waterborne diseases. However, due to poor understanding of the correlation between water quality and the presence of human enteric viruses, the failure to assess viral contamination through alternative viral indicators makes it difficult to control disease transmission.MethodsWe investigated the occurrence of Enteroviruses (EnVs), Rotaviruses (HRVs), Astroviruses (AstVs), Noroviruses GII (HuNoVs GII) and Adenoviruses (HAdVs) from Jinhe River over 4 years and analyzed their correlation with physicochemical and bacterial parameters in water samples.ResultsThe findings showed that all target viruses were detected in water at frequencies of 91.7% for HAdVs, 81.3% for HuNoVs GII, 79.2% for EnVs and AstVs, and 70.8% for HRVs. These viruses had a seasonal pattern, which showed that EnVs were abundant in summer but rare in winter, while HAdVs, HRVs, AstVs, and HuNoVs GII exhibited opposite seasonal trends. Pearson correlation analysis showed that total coliforms (TC) was significantly positively correlated with EnVs concentrations while no consistent significant correlations were observed between bacterial indices and viruses that precipitate acute gastroenteritis.ConclusionsTaken together, the findings provide insights into alternative viral indicators, suggesting that TC is a potentially promising candidate for assessment of EnVs contamination. However, it failed to predict the presence of HAdVs, HRVs, AstVs, and HuNoVs GΙΙ in surface water across the city of Tianjin.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3438-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In Colombia, the presence of RV has been detected in drinking water for consumption [39,40]. In Uruguay, RV have been detected in groundwater and wastewater [41,42].…”

Section: Rotavirus Detected In Food and Water In Latin Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Rotavirus Risk in Latin American Food and Water

Bourdett-Stanziola

2023

IJTDH

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Rotavirus is considered a major public health problem worldwide because many children, adults, and animals die from gastroenteritis due to rotavirus; rotavirus contamination follows the fecal/oral route, and it is well supported that infection can also be achieved by consuming food and water that is contaminated with rotavirus. Research has shown that, in Latin American countries, unusual emerging strains of rotavirus are occurring in children and adults with gastroenteritis; which contain in their sequence genes from rotavirus genotypes detected in animals; Therefore, researchers consider it a virus with zoonotic potential. In this review, I propose that rotavirus transmission occurs from wild animals, who use an intermediate host before contaminating humans, by means of the fecal/oral route, food, and water. Rotavirus produces genetic rearrangements generating new emerging strains, which are excreted into the environment. Generally, during the dry season in our Latin American countries, contaminated water is used to irrigate crops, and from there, much of this water ends up in the sea, where rotavirus is absorbed by filter-feeding molluscs, and from there, consumed by man and animals continuing its cycle. Studies on the molecular characterization of rotavirus strains detected in food and water provide new insights into possible rotavirus genetic rearrangements and zoonoses. The emergence of strains derived from interspecies transmission has implicated and inspired the study of different vaccine strategies.

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Evaluation of Bacterial Contamination as an Indicator of Viral Contamination in a Sedimentary Aquifer in Uruguay

Cited by 8 publications

References 61 publications

Escherichia coli, Species C Human Adenovirus, and Enterovirus in Water Samples Consumed in Rural Areas of Goiás, Brazil

Escherichia coli, Species C Human Adenovirus, and Enterovirus in Water Samples Consumed in Rural Areas of Goiás, Brazil

Total coliforms as an indicator of human enterovirus presence in surface water across Tianjin city, China

Exploring the Rotavirus Risk in Latin American Food and Water

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