Evaluation of bacteriophages during the treatment of sludge

Mignotte-Cadiergues, B.; Gantzer, Christophe; Schwartzbrod, L.

doi:10.2166/wst.2002.0327

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Taking into account the data presented here on anaerobic–mesophilic digestion and composting and that reported elsewhere regarding pasteurization (Mocé‐Llivina et al. 2003), composting (Shaban 1999) and liming (Mignotte‐Cadiergues et al. 2002), somatic coliphages remain the most detectable indicator by feasible procedure in treated sludges where viruses may still persist.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Occurrence and levels of indicators and selected pathogens in different sludges and biosolids

Guzmán

Jofre

Montemayor

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: Determine the occurrence and levels of pathogens and indicators in raw and treated sludges and compare their persistence after two different treatments. Methods and Results: Helminth ova, Cryptosporidium spp., Salmonella spp., enteroviruses, and bacterial and viral indicators were determined in raw sludges and biosolids produced after mesophilic and thermophilic treatments. Except Salmonella, all of the parameters were quantified. Helminth ova were found at very low concentrations even in raw sludges. Viable Cryptosporidium oocysts were still present in most samples of treated sludges. Faecal coliforms, spores of sulphite‐reducing clostridia (SSRC), and somatic coliphages were the only indicators with values above their detection limits in most of the samples. Conclusions: Pathogens were still detected in some treated sludge samples. SSRC were the most resistant micro‐organisms to treatments and hence may be an indicator for the reduction of protozoan oocysts. Somatic coliphages constitute an alternative as viral indicators due to their detection in sludges before and after treatment. Significance and Impact of the Study: Because of the persistence of some pathogens after sludge treatments, additional indicators are needed. SSRC and somatic coliphages are good candidates. Easy and inexpensive methods for the determination of these indicators are feasible both in industrialized and developing countries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Occurrence and levels of indicators and selected pathogens in different sludges and biosolids

Guzmán

Jofre

Montemayor

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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“…Bacteriophage are often considered to be suitable indicators of enteric viruses, and generally adsorb onto solids and concentrate in the biosolids (Chetochine et al, 2006; Sidhu and Toze, 2009). Somatic coliphage have been reported to be the most abundant in wastewater sludge followed by F+ coliphage (Mignotle‐Cadiergues et al, 2002). Our data reported here are similar, with somatic coliphage averaging 10 5 per gram compared with 10 4 per gram for F+ coliphage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogens and Indicators in United States Class B Biosolids: National and Historic Distributions

et al. 2010

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This paper reports on a major study of the incidence of indicator organisms and pathogens found within Class B biosolids within 21 samplings from 18 wastewater treatment plants across the United States. This is the first major study of its kind since the promulgation of the USEPA Part 503 Rule in 1993, and includes samples before and after the Part 503 Rule was promulgated. National distributions collected between 2005 and 2008 show that the incidence of bacterial and viral pathogens in Class B mesophilic, anaerobically digested biosolids were generally low with the exception of adenoviruses, which were more prevalent than enteric viruses. No Ascaris ova were detected in any sample. In contrast, indicator organism numbers were uniformly high, regardless of whether they were bacteria (fecal coliforms) or viruses (phage). Indicators were not correlated with pathogen loads. Historic distributions were collected between 1988 and 2006 at one location in Tucson, AZ. By comparing data collected before and after 1993, the influence of the USEPA Part 503 Rule on indicator and pathogen levels within Class B biosolids can be inferred. In general, the bacterial indicators total and fecal coliforms decreased from the 1980s to present. Enteric virus concentrations after 1993 are much lower than those reported in other studies in the 1980s, although our values from 1988 to 1993 are not significantly different from our values obtained from 1994 to 2006. Presumably this is due to better and more consistent treatment of the wastewater, illustrating that the Part 503 Rule has been effective in reducing public exposure to pathogens relative to 17 yr ago. The percent reduction of both indicators and pathogens during anaerobic mesophilic digestion was between 94 and 99% for all organisms, illustrating that such treatment is effective in reducing pathogen loads.

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“…Major F-specific phage inactivation is already observed in mesophilic digestion (30-35˝C) and all treatments with higher temperatures increase the difference [81,101,119], so the great majority of biosolids released into the environment contain higher numbers of somatic coliphages than F-specific phages.…”

Section: Resistance To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

Torroella

Gutiérrez

Blanch

et al. 2016

Water

102

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Two groups of bacteriophages that infect Escherichia coli, somatic and F-specific coliphages, have been used in academia as both fecal and viral indicators for many years. Regulatory authorities in different parts of the world are beginning to consider coliphages as indicators of water quality in a range of settings. However, issues such as their potential replication in natural water environments, the cumbersome detection and enumeration methods, a lack of definition concerning which of the two groups should be included in future regulations, and the lack of a clear correlation between coliphages and human viruses and health risks in different water settings remain controversial. This review attempts to shed some light on these contentious issues. The conclusions are that: 1) supposing that they can replicate in some natural water settings, the contribution of coliphages replicated outside the gut will not affect the numbers contributed by fecal pollution and detected by strains recommended for standardized methods; 2) there are easy, fast, and cost-effective methods that can be used in routine laboratories after a little training; 3) perhaps the best option is to determine both groups in a single step; and 4) the low correlation of coliphages with human viruses and health risks is no worse than the correlation between different human viruses.

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Evaluation of bacteriophages during the treatment of sludge

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Occurrence and levels of indicators and selected pathogens in different sludges and biosolids

Occurrence and levels of indicators and selected pathogens in different sludges and biosolids

Pathogens and Indicators in United States Class B Biosolids: National and Historic Distributions

Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

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