Evaluation of BAYESIL for automated annotation of 1H NMR data using limited sample volumes: application to African elephant serum

This book chapter covers relevant articles published in peer-reviewed journals in 2023 in the field of NMR spectroscopy of small molecules in solution. Articles appeared in 2023 as accepted online versions but not published until 2024 are not included. The chapter is structured into seven sections: NMR pulse sequence development, structural determination in oriented media, mixture analysis, quantitative NMR, NMR chiral recognition methodologies, artificial intelligence methods and a final miscellanea section where interesting articles that did not fit in any of the earlier topics were embedded. Noticeably, many articles could fit in more than one section, since most of the topics are intimately related. The reader should not expect a fully detailed review, nor a simple, non-detailed listing of articles. Instead, the reader shall find distilled information with description of the key points and the main goals.

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First Insights into the Fecal Metabolome of Healthy, Free-Roaming Giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis): An Untargeted GCxGC/TOF-MS Metabolomics Study

Grobbelaar,

Osthoff,

du Preez

et al. 2024

Metabolites

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Background/Objectives: This study provides the first insights to the fecal metabolome of the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). By using untargeted metabolomics via gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/TOF-MS), this study primarily aims to provide results of the impact that external stimuli, such as supplemental feeding (SF) practices, seasonal variation and sex, might have on the fecal metabolome composition of healthy, free-roaming giraffes. Methods: Untargeted GCxGC/TOF-MS analysis was applied to the feces collected from thirteen giraffes (six males and seven females) from six different locations within the central Free State Province of South Africa over a period of two years. Statistical analysis of the generated data was used to identify the metabolites that were significantly different between the giraffes located in environments that provided SF and others where the giraffes only fed on the natural available vegetation. The same metabolomics analysis was used to investigate metabolite concentrations that were significantly different between the wet and dry seasons for a single giraffe male provided with SF over the two-year period, as well as for age and sex differences. Results: A total of 2042 features were detected from 26 giraffe fecal samples. Clear variations between fecal metabolome profiles were confirmed, with higher levels of amino acid-related and carbohydrate-related metabolites for giraffes receiving SF. In addition, a separation between the obtained profiles of samples collected from a single adult male giraffe during the wet and dry seasons was identified. Differences, such as higher levels of carbohydrate-related metabolites and organic compounds during the wet season were noted. Distinct variations in profiles were also identified for the metabolites from fecal samples collected from the six males and seven females, with higher concentrations in carbohydrate-related metabolites and alkanes for female giraffes comparatively. Conclusions: This is the first study to investigate the composition of the fecal metabolome of free-roaming giraffes, as well as the effects that external factors, such as environmental exposures, feeding practices, seasonal variations, age and sex, have on it. This novel use of fecal metabolomics assists in developing non-invasive techniques to determine giraffe populations’ health that do not require additional stressors such as capture, restraint and blood collection. Ultimately, such non-invasive advances are beneficial towards the conservation of wildlife species on a larger scale.

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Evaluation of BAYESIL for automated annotation of 1H NMR data using limited sample volumes: application to African elephant serum

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

LAMAIS: A Library-Aided Approach for Efficient 1D 1H NMR Qualitative Analysis in Plant Metabolomics

LAMAIS: A Library-Aided Approach for Efficient 1D 1H NMR Qualitative Analysis in Plant Metabolomics

NMR spectroscopy of small molecules in solution

First Insights into the Fecal Metabolome of Healthy, Free-Roaming Giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis): An Untargeted GCxGC/TOF-MS Metabolomics Study

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