Evaluation of BDS-2 and BDS-3 Satellite Atomic Clock Products and Their Effects on Positioning

Gu, Shengfeng; Mao, Feiyu; Gong, Xiaopeng; Lou, Yidong; Xu, Xueyong; Zhou, Ye

doi:10.3390/rs13245041

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The latter results were also confirmed by Sun et al (2020). Gu et al (2021) report a slightly better performance of the GFZ MGEX BDS-3 clock products compared to WUM evaluated by Allan deviations.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…SHAO provides 5 min clock products whereas the other ACs have a higher sampling of 30 s. Therefore, the ADEV plots for SHAO only start at an integration time of 300 s whereas the other ACs start at 30 s. For integration times up to 1000 s, the ADEV values of WUM are slightly increased for all satellites compared to the other ACs. Gu et al (2021) already reported slightly increased ADEV values of WUM compared to GFZ for integration times up to 5000 s.…”

Section: Clock Qualitymentioning

confidence: 88%

See 1 more Smart Citation

BeiDou-3 orbit and clock quality of the IGS Multi-GNSS Pilot Project

Steigenberger¹,

Deng²,

Guo³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Within the Multi-GNSS pilot project (MGEX) of the International GNSS Service (IGS), precise orbit and clock products for the BeiDou-3 global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) are routinely generated by a total of five analysis centers. The processing standards and specific properties of the individual products are reviewed and the BDS-3 orbit and clock product performance is assessed through direct inter-comparison, satellite laser ranging (SLR) residuals, clock stability analysis, and precise point positioning solutions. The orbit consistency evaluated by the signal-in-space range error is on the level of 4 -8 cm for the medium Earth orbit satellites whereas SLR residuals have RMS values between 3 and 9 cm. The clock analysis reveals sytematic effects related to the elevation of the Sun above the orbital plane for all ACs pointing to deficiencies in solar radiation pressure modeling. Nevertheless, precise point positioning with the BDS-3 MGEX orbit and clock products results in 3D RMS values between 7 and 8 mm.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Clock Qualitymentioning

confidence: 88%

BeiDou-3 orbit and clock quality of the IGS Multi-GNSS Pilot Project

Steigenberger¹,

Deng²,

Guo³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…The stability level of the BDS-3 PHMs is comparable to that of the PHMs of the Galileo as well as to the Rb clocks of the GPS Block IIF; meanwhile, the improved BDS-3 Rb clock is comparable to that of the Galileo Rb clock [17]. With the improved stability of BDS-3 satellite clocks, about 70% level positioning accuracy for BDS-3 is better than 0.65 m at 10 min, which is much better than the positioning accuracy of BDS-2 [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Analysis of BDS-3 Onboard Clocks Based on GFZ Precise Clock Products

Geng

Jiang

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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The characteristics and performance of satellite clocks are important to the positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) users. Although China’s BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) has been fully operational for more than one year, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on the onboard clocks of the entire BDS-3 constellation. In this study, the precise clock products of GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) from day-of-year (DOY) 1, 2021 to DOY 300, 2021 were used to analyze the characteristics and performance of BDS-3 onboard clocks from the following aspects: clock bias, frequency, drift rate, fitting residuals, periodicity, and frequency stability. Compared with BDS-2, the clock quality of BDS-3 satellites has been greatly improved, but there are still jumps in the clock offsets and frequency series of BDS-3 clocks. The drift rate of BDS-3 clocks varies within the range between −2×10−18 and 2×10−18 s/s2. The daily model fitting residuals of passive hydrogen masers (PHM) on BDS-3 medium Earth orbit (MEO), inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO), and geostationary (GEO) satellites are 0.15, 0.28, and 0.46 ns, respectively. The overlapping Allan deviation (OADEV) of BDS-3 MEO clocks is 4.0 × 10−14 s/s at a time interval of 1000 s. The PHMs on BDS-3 MEO satellites exhibit fewer periodic signals than those of Rb clocks. In addition, the precise clock offsets of the BDS-3 PHMs carried on the MEO, IGSO, and GEO satellites show different periodicities, which are similar to those of the corresponding types of BDS-2 satellites.

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“…A series of research on the physical characteristics of atomic clocks show that the quality of BDS-3 atomic clocks is greatly improved compared with BDS-2, but the clock offset and frequency of BDS-3 still exist jumps, and the frequency drift varies in range from −2 × 10 −18 to 2 × 10 −18 s/s 2 [18]. About 70% of BDS-3 positioning solutions are within 0.7 m at 10 min thanks to the improvement in the BDS-3 atomic clock stability [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Analysis of BDS-3 Real-Time Satellite Clock Offset Estimated in Global and Asia-Pacific and the Corresponding PPP Performances

Wang

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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The quality of satellite clock offset affects the performances of positioning, navigation and timing services, and thus it is essential to the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). This research focuses on the estimation of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) real-time precise satellite clock offset by using GNSS stations located in the Global and Asia-Pacific region based on the mixed-difference model. The precision of the estimated BDS clock corrections is then analyzed with the classification of the orbit types, satellite generations, and atomic clock types. The results show that the precision of the BDS clock offset estimated in the Asia-Pacific for Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO), Inclined Geosynchronous Satellite Orbit (IGSO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites are 0.204 ns, 0.077 ns and 0.085 ns, respectively, as compared to those of clock offsets estimated in globally distributed stations. The average precision of the BDS-3 satellites clock offset estimated in global region is 0.074 ns, which is much better than the 0.130 ns of BDS-2. Furthermore, analyzing the characteristics of the corresponding atomic clocks can explain the performance of the estimated satellite clock offset, and the stability and accuracy of various parameters of the Passive Hydrogen Maser (PHM) atomic clocks are better than those of Rubidium (Rb) atomic clocks. In the positioning domain, the real-time clocks estimated in the global/Asia-Pacific have been applied to BDS kinematic Precise Point Positioning (PPP) in different regions. The Root Mean Square (RMS) of positioning results in global real-time kinematic PPP is within 4 cm in the horizontal direction and about 6 cm in the vertical direction. Hence, the BDS real-time clock offset can supply the centimeter-level positioning demand around the world.

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Evaluation of BDS-2 and BDS-3 Satellite Atomic Clock Products and Their Effects on Positioning

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

BeiDou-3 orbit and clock quality of the IGS Multi-GNSS Pilot Project

BeiDou-3 orbit and clock quality of the IGS Multi-GNSS Pilot Project

Analysis of BDS-3 Onboard Clocks Based on GFZ Precise Clock Products

Analysis of BDS-3 Real-Time Satellite Clock Offset Estimated in Global and Asia-Pacific and the Corresponding PPP Performances

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