Evaluation of behavioural and antioxidant activity of Cytisus scoparius Link in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress

Nirmal, Jayabalan; Babu, Chidambaram Saravana; Harisudhan, Thanukrishnan; Ramanathan, Meena

doi:10.1186/1472-6882-8-15

Cited by 59 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…An open field test [20] was used to study the exploratory and anxiety behavior of the mice. The open field apparatus consisted of a square 50 × 50 cm with 50-cm high walls.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imbalance between Th17 and Treg Cells May Play an Important Role in the Development of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depression in Mice

Hong¹,

Zheng

Ding³

et al. 2012

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Background: Recent data suggest that major depression is potentially associated with dysregulated cytokine production. However, the roles of T helper (Th) cells and their subsets in the development of depression still remain to be determined. The present study assessed changes in Th cell subsets and cytokines during the development of depression in a mouse model. Methods: Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to simulate depression behavior in mice. The open field test, sucrose preference, and ingestion were used as evaluative indicators of depressive behavior. During the CUMS protocol, on days 3, 7, 14, and 21, we assessed behavioral changes, cytokine levels in serum or stimulated (CD3/CD28) cell culture medium, and mRNA expression (ELISA, RT-PCR), regulatory T (Treg) and Th17 subsets in spleen (ex vivo, flow cytometry, RT-PCR), and CD3/rIL-23-stimulated Th17 cell proliferation (MTT assay). Results: The results showed that in the depression model mice, IL-4 mRNA expression and serum levels increased on day 7, while no detectable change was observed in IFN-γ. Notably, a reduced proportion of Th17 cells with decreased proliferation capacity was observed at later stages, in parallel with a decline in serum IL-23 levels. In contrast, an increased Treg cell proportion and increased Foxp3 mRNA expression were observed in the mid-stages. Correlation analysis showed that the proportion of Tregs was correlated negatively with sucrose preference, while the proliferation of Th17 cells was notably correlated positively with sucrose preference. Also, an increased TGF-β level was detected in serum and was believed to be a key factor responsible for the imbalance between Th17 and Treg cells. Furthermore, the sucrose preference in TGF-β type I receptor blockade mice increased considerably, compared with CUMS mice. Conclusion: These results indicate that in CUMS-induced depression, behavioral changes may closely correlate with the imbalance between Th17 and Treg cell subsets, and TGF-β may be a key regulatory cytokine.

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“…An open field test [20] was used to study the exploratory and anxiety behavior of the mice. The open field apparatus consisted of a square 50 × 50 cm with 50-cm high walls.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imbalance between Th17 and Treg Cells May Play an Important Role in the Development of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depression in Mice

Hong¹,

Zheng

Ding³

et al. 2012

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…(Leguminosae-Cytiseae) is a large and diversified genus including approximately 60 species, which are particularly abundant around the Mediterranean Sea, although they are found in distinct geographic regions such as the north and south of Africa, the western and central Europe, the Black Sea and Turkey to the East (Cristofolini & Conte, 2002;Cristofolini & Troia, 2006). Plants of this genus exhibit bioactive properties, including antioxidant (Raja et al, 2007;Sundararajan et al, 2006), diuretic, hypnotic, anxiolytic (Nirmal, Babu, Harisudhan, & Ramanathan, 2008;Siegel, 1976), antiparasitic (Di Giorgio et al, 2008) and antidiabetic (Castro, 1998(Castro, , 2001 activities. The therapeutic properties and, in particular, the antioxidant activity of Cytisus is related to their high concentration of phenolic compounds (Luis, Domingues, Gil, & Duarte, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of phenolic constituents of Cytisus multiflorus

et al. 2012

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“…Therefore herbal therapies should be considered as alternative or complementary medicines 11 . In the search for new therapeutic medicinal plant research has also contributed significantly by demonstrating pharmacological effectiveness of different herbs in various animal models 12 .…”

Section: Natural Products/ Traditional Plants In Medicinal Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Phytopharmacology of Toona Ciliata: A Review

Divakar¹,

Ratan²

2017

Int. Res. J. Pharm.

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Toona ciliata is the plant mainly distributed in sub Himalayan tract. Traditionally, it is useful in chronic dysentery, leprosy, cures fever, headache, blood complaints, cardiotonic, aphrodisiac, and ulcer. Toona ciliata is traditionally used in menstrual disorders. The phytoconstituents present in the plants including triterpenoids, cedrelone, polyynes, limonoids, siderin, steroids etc. Pharmacologically the plant Toona ciliata has been investigated for its anti-ulcer activity, analgesic activity, antifungal activity, antimicrobial activity and antitumor activity. The plant also possesses gastroprotective and cytotoxic activity. Steroids can be used medicinally as cardiotonic, growth promoter, anti-tumor, antifungal, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, anti-tussive etc. Terpenoids presents in Toona ciliata were evaluated for the cytotoxic & anti-inflammatory activity in human cancer cell lines. Coumarin containing plants were tested for their antimicrobial and phototoxic activities. Coumarins have a variety of bioactivities including anticoagulant, estrogenic, dermal photosensitizing, anti-microbial, vasodilator, molluscacidal, antihelmintic, sedative and hypnotic, analgesic and hypothermic activity. Polyphenols are most abundant anti-oxidant in human diet. The phenolic compounds are divided into phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans and stilbenes. Tannins may be employed medicinally in antidiarrheal, haemostatic, and antihemorrhoidal compounds. They have been also reported to have anti-viral, antibacterial, and antiparasitic effects. Flavonoids exhibit several biological effects such as anti-hepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activity.

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Evaluation of behavioural and antioxidant activity of Cytisus scoparius Link in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress

Cited by 59 publications

References 32 publications

Imbalance between Th17 and Treg Cells May Play an Important Role in the Development of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depression in Mice

Imbalance between Th17 and Treg Cells May Play an Important Role in the Development of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depression in Mice

Identification of phenolic constituents of Cytisus multiflorus

Phytopharmacology of Toona Ciliata: A Review

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